现代大学英语精读1.lesson10_TheGreenBanana.ppt
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1、The Green Banana,Donald Batchelder,Book 1,Lesson 10,This PPT is for self-study,Part One: Warm-up Part Two: Background Information Part Three:Text Appreciation Part Four: Language Study Part Five: Extension,Book 1,Lesson 10,Contents,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,Part Two,Background Information
2、,ENTER,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,Author and the Text Ethnocentrism and Other Related Terms III. Inter-cultural Understanding Culture Shock Tower of Babel,Background Information,Contents,The text is taken from Beyond Experience: An Experiential Approach to Cross-cultural Education edited by Donald B
3、atchelder and Elizabeth G. Warner in 1974. When the second edition of the book was published in 1993, Batchelder explained his view on cross-cultural education:,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,Author and the Text,To be continued on the next page.,“If some of the goals of education in modern times are to
4、open up possibilities for discovery and expand learning and the chance for mutual acceptance and recognition in a wider world, it may be important to offer students a perspective on their own immediate center of the world by enabling them to participate sensitively as cross-cultural sojourners to th
5、e center of someone elses world.”,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,Author and the Text,The end of Author and the Text.,Ethnocentrism Cultural Chauvinism Relativism Racism,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,II. Ethnocentrism and other related terms,To be continued on the next page.,“Ethnic“ refers to cultural heri
6、tage, and “centrism“ refers to the central starting point or the tendency of people to put their own group at the center. Thus, “ethnocentrism“ basically refers to judging other groups from ones own cultural point of view, or misinterpreting other cultures because one uses the concepts of his own cu
7、lture.,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,To be continued on the next page.,Ethnocentrism (种族优越论),II. Ethnocentrism and other related terms,Ethnocentrism can lead to making false assumptions about others ways based on ones own limited experience. The key word is assumptions, because we are not even aware th
8、at we are being ethnocentric. That is people dont understand that they dont understand. For example, American people often talk about British drivers driving “on the wrong side“ of the road. They dont just say, “opposite side“ or even “left hand side“. Everybody can be ethnocentric, as all of us aro
9、und the world assume things about other peoples ways.,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,To be continued on the next page.,Ethnocentrism (种族优越论),II. Ethnocentrism and other related terms,Ethnocentrism may manifest itself in attitudes of superiority or sometimes hostility. Violence, discrimination, proselyti
10、zing, and verbal aggressiveness are other means whereby ethnocentrism may be expressed. Why are people ethnocentric? It is normal to assume things on the basis of ones own experience, although it is sometimes wrong. Peoples perceptions of colors, time frames, values on industriousness, social roles,
11、 and beliefs about Life and the Universe provide important meanings in daily life. Therefore, peoples limited experiences they have already had are the basis for interpreting new experiences, and in the case of others behaviors.,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,To be continued on the next page.,Ethnocentr
12、ism (种族优越论),II. Ethnocentrism and other related terms,What is the problem with ethnocentrism? Ethnocentrism leads people to make false assumptions about other peoples. People are ethnocentric when they use their cultural norms as a universal yardstick to make generalizations about other peoples cult
13、ures and customs. People of one culture may falsely distort what is meaningful and functional to other peoples through his own tinted glasses. At the best, people simply continue in his unawareness. You may be well meaning in interethnic relations, but can unintentionally offend others, generate ill
14、 feelings, and even set up situations that harm others. Ethnocentrism is evident in international relations, creating conflicts and inhibiting resolution of conflicts. There are extreme forms of ethnocentrism that pose serious social problems, such as racism, chauvinism, and ethnic cleansing. These
15、views are generally condemned by the world community, but regular cases can be seen in the news.,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,To be continued on the next page.,Ethnocentrism (种族优越论),II. Ethnocentrism and other related terms,What can we do about ethnocentrism? Addressing ethnocentrism is not a matter o
16、f just trying not to be ethnocentric. Since people will never experience every life situation of everyone around the world, assumptions about life are based on existing limited experience. A more effective way is to catch yourself when you are being ethnocentric and seek to develop better understand
17、ings. Once we realize that we are not understanding, we are now in a better position to seek more valid and balanced understandings.,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,To be continued on the next page.,Ethnocentrism (种族优越论),II. Ethnocentrism and other related terms,Chauvinism is a word derived from the name
18、 of Nicolas Chauvin, a soldier of the First French Empire. Used first for a passionate admiration of Napoleon, it now expresses exaggerated and aggressive nationalism. As a social phenomenon, chauvinism is essentially modern, becoming marked in the era of acute national rivalries and imperialism beg
19、inning in the 19th century. Chauvinism exalts consciousness of nationality, spreads hatred of minorities and other nations, and is associated with militarism, imperialism, and racism. In the 1960s, the term “male chauvinist” appeared in the womens liberation movement; it is applied to males who refu
20、se to regard females as equals.,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,To be continued on the next page.,Chauvinism (沙文主义),II. Ethnocentrism and other related terms,Racism is the belief that race accounts for differences in human character or ability and that a particular race is superior to others. Sometimes,
21、this term is also used to refer to discrimination or prejudice based on race.,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,To be continued on the next page.,Racism (种族主义),II. Ethnocentrism and other related terms,Ethnocentrism is often linked to a sociological theory called “cultural relativism“. Cultural relativists
22、 assert that concepts are socially constructed and vary cross-culturally. These concepts may include such fundamental notions as what is considered true, morally correct, and what constitutes knowledge or even reality itself.,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,To be continued on the next page.,Cultural Rela
23、tivism (文化相对主义),II. Ethnocentrism and other related terms,Cultural Relativism is an attempt to understand the cultural development of societies and social groups on their own terms, that is, without trying to impose absolute ideas of moral value or trying to measure different cultural variations in
24、terms of some form of absolute cultural standard. This may be a positive value in terms of interethnic relations. By cultural relativism, all cultures are equally worthy of respect and in studying another culture people need to suspend judgment, empathize and try and understand the way that particul
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