英语语法动词的时态、语态PPT课件.ppt
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1、动词的时态、语态,动词的时态和语态一直是必考点。主要考查考生在特定语境下对时态和语态的理解,其中现在完成时、一般过去时、过去完成时的运用出现得最为频繁。此外,为了增加试题的区分度,命题者还常常把动词的时态和语态以及主谓一致结合在一起考查。,在解题时要注意以下几个问题: 1 这个动作可能发生在什么时间?题干中可参照的时间信息有哪些? 2 这个动作处于什么状态?是进行中,还是已结束(完成)?限制或修饰这个动作的状语信息有哪些? 3 这个动作与主语的关系,是主动还是被动? 只要全面细致地考虑了这些问题,试题的答案也就水落石出了。,一般现在时,1.主要表示现在的特征、状态、经常性动作或真理,客观事实等
2、。 He goes to school every day. His home is in shanghai, but he stays in beijing at the moment. 2.用在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,表示将来。 I will call you as soon as i get there. 3.少数表示动作起止的动词有时也可用一般现在时代替一般将来 时,表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。 The meeting begins at seven.,4. 书报的标题,故事小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时 The scene changes back to the pa
3、rk. 5.表示状态或感觉的动词,如belive,love,feel,guess,hope等 she loves music and dance. 6. 一般现在时和现在进行时的区别 一般现在时常有经常,长久之意;而现在进行时表示说话时的暂时动作。 We go to work by car. He is walking to wark for his car is being repaired.,7.表示具有持续性的现在发生行为(多为状态动词) I agree with you completely. 8.表示与说话时间几乎同事发生或完成的短暂行为(多为表示短暂动作的动词),一般用于体育实况报
4、道等 First I put the butter into a plan, and then I break two eggs into a bowl. 9.表示过去发生的事情,以加强叙述的生动。 He rushes into the buring house,picks up the boy.,一般将来时,3.用表示位移的动词的进行时表示将来。如:coming, leaving, returning, going, starting, opening, arriving等 He is leaving on the New York flight. 4. be about to do sth
5、. 表示马上其后不再接时间 We are about to leave, so there is no time to visit her. 5. be to do sth. 表示预先的计划和说话者的意志和命令。 星期六要举行运动会。 There is to be a sports meet on Saturday. 我们准备在学校大门口见面。 We are to meet at the school gate.,一般将来时,6. 表示“往来、出发、到达”等动词,可用一般现在时表将来。 The bus leaves at 5:30. when do you start on the tour.
6、,现在进行时,1. 主要表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。 安静点,我正在接电话! Be quite.Im answering the phone. He is visiting Sydney this week. 2. 现在进行时可以表示“按计划安排将要发生的动作” My father is coming to see me next week. 注意:smell,taste,sound,feel, look等系动词没有现在进行时。 The meat smells/tastes good! arrive,come,go,leave等瞬间动词常用现在进行时表示将来!,过去进行时,1.过去进行时主
7、要表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或持续进行的动作。 He was reading while she was setting the table. 2.与always, continually, frequently等词连用,表示过去经常发生的动作,具有浓厚的感情色彩。 The old man was always telling that old story. 3.表示过去打算实现,但未实现的动作 I was coming, but I missed the last bus.,不用进行时的动词有: 1. 表示状态的词:be, stay, remain, exist, belong
8、 to 2.表示心理的词:remember, know, believe, understand, please, like, agree, wish, hope, appreciate, recognize, care, hate, love, fear 3.大多非延续性动词无进行时:accept, allow, decide, give, refuse, end 4. 感官动词一般不用进行时:see, look, hear, notice, smell, feel,现在完成时,现在完成时由“have+过去分词”构成。 1. 现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已经完成,而对现在有影响,句中没有
9、具体的时间状语。 He has gone to Fuzhou. He has been to Fuzhou. 2.现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去,持续到现在,也许还会继续持续下去。常用for+一段时间,since+时间点,in the past+时间段。 He has studied English for 5 years. He has studied English since 1990. He has studied English in the past 5 years.,现在完成时,3. 句中有already, yet, just, never, ever等状语时,谓语常用现在完成
10、时。 They have already finished their work. She has just arrived here. 4.注意:短暂动词不与带有for, since等表示一段时间的现在完成时连用。 His father has died for 8 years.(错) His father has been died for 8 years.(对) His father died 8 years ago.(对) 5.在It is the first/ second time that句型中,that从句的谓语动词用现在完成时。 It is the first time th
11、at I have been here.,过去完成时,过去完成时表示过去动作发生之前已经完成的动作。只有在与过去时间相比较时,才能使用过去完成时。 1、过去完成时+before/when/by the time+一般过去时 When we got there, the plane had already left. The plane had already left before we got there. 2.一般过去时+after/until+过去完成时 They went simming after they had finished their homework. 3.hope, p
12、lan, mean, expect, suppose, think 等动词有时用过去完成时表示本打算做而实际没有实现的事。 I had hoped to help you, but I couldnt get there in time.,二、几种易混时态的辨析 1 一般现在时与现在进行时 一般现在时表示经常性的、习惯性的或状态性的行为。 而现在进行时则具有进行性、未完成性和暂时性的特点。如: On the wall hangs a picture painted by Qi Baishi. This is not my coat. Mine is hanging behind the doo
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