高考英语阅读理解技巧.ppt
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1、高考英语阅读理解技巧,新的高中英语教学大纲明确规定:“侧重提高阅读能力“。纵观近几年的高考英语试题,我们不难看出,阅读理解能力是高考考查的重点,自始至终占着主导地位,并且有逐年增加的趋势。可以毫不夸张地说,做好阅读理解题是获得高考英语高分的关键!,1 读材料的主旨和大意,以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节。 2 既理解具体的事实,也理解抽象的概念。 3 既理解字面的意思,也理解深层的含义,包括作者的态度,意图等。 4 既理解某句,某段的含义,也理解全篇的逻辑关系,并据此进行推理和判断。 5既能根据所提供的信息去理解,也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。,阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是:,规律方法:
2、在分清文体的基础上 议论文: 找主题句(文章的开头/中间/结尾) 说明文: 说明什么道理/原理/事由 夹叙夹议文: 通过叙述说明什么人生哲理,高考阅读理解常见题型,A. Guess the meaning (词 义 猜 测 型) B. Main ideas (主旨大意型) C. Inference & judgment (推 理 判 断 型) D. Details (事实细节型 ),一 猜测词义题: 单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分,历年高考都把这一项作为考生应该掌握的一项阅读技能列入试题,考查对文中关键词语(实词、短语、指代关系等)的理解。而且,所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字
3、面上,要根据语境来判断。,常见问题形式有 1) According to the author, the word “” means _. The word “” most likely means _. The word “” in Line .probably means By the word “”, the author means_. In Line . , the word “” refers to _. Which of the following is nearest /closest in meaning to “” ? 7) In Line , the word “” co
4、uld best be replaced by which of the following?,规律方法:,在通读过程碰到生词时不要着急,耐心地读下去,文章会帮助你猜出生词词义。此外,我们也可以通过构词法知识分析生词词义,或通过上下文,同义词,反义词,生活常识等猜测,尤其是本句话以及前后两句话,给生词假设意思,看是否读的通。还可以联想,即回想已知词汇中是否存在拼写方法与该生词类似的词。,1.根据上下文。 according to the context clues,【例1】 All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because he w
5、as using the wrong key. A. 成功的 B. 徒劳的 C.有效的 D. 匆促的,【例2】The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650yuan a year.,2.定义解释法,definition and explanation,定义或释义关系常由定语从句或由means, is, or, that is (to say), in other words, be called,be known as, be defined as等词汇或破折号来表示,【解】 “牧人”,【例3】Children often try t
6、o imitate or copy the behavior that they see on television.,【解】 “仿效”,3 同义词,synonym,【例4】Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl. But her sister was quite sedate. A. pretty B. calm C. protective D. energetic,4.反义词,antonym,【例5】Our maths professor claims that all the problems he gives us are simple one
7、s,however,we feel that they are intricate and hard to solve,【解】 “复杂的”,5. 比较,对比,Comparison and Contrast,【例6】With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence. (2003NMET),unconditional: no
8、njudgmental:,无条件的,绝对的,没有判断力的,6.根据构词法:合成、派生(前缀、后缀)、转化等,postscript prehistoric transnational underwear mislead nonhuman antibody Childhood childish waterproof,supergirl interaction miniskirt microphone rewrite subway cooperate friendship troublesome towards careless,方法指导,二 主旨大意题:,这类 试题要求对文章的整体或局部(如段落)
9、进行分析、概括,归纳相关部分的中心大意(Main idea),选择标题(title),判断作者的写作目的(purpose)等,旨在考查考生加工与浓缩信息的能力。 这一项考查的是文章的灵魂与中心。记叙文、议论文常考文章的主旨大意。一般主旨大意常出现在文章的开头,有时也出现在结尾。当然更重要的是从全文去把握。,1)What does the writer mainly tell us? 2)Which of the following can summar- ize the main idea of this text? 3)Which of the following best expresse
10、s the main idea? 4)Which is the subject discussed in the text? 6)Whats the best title for this passage?,常见问题形式有,如何做主旨大意题,1. 要搞清的是问某一段还是全文的大意,可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉,进行综合归纳,概括文章的主题。 2. 如有标题,标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。 3.找到中心句。 4. 任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的,因此,许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词,即高频词,也叫做主题词。抓住了它,便容易抓住文章的中心。,How to find th
11、e topic sentence?,Example 1 People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghett
12、i, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.,Q: Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraph? A. Some people like steak and others red meat. B. Vegetables are very healthy for
13、 you. C. How food is prepared has a lot to do with how well a person may like it. D. Different people have different tastes in food.,(1)主题句在段首 一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头,其后的句子则是论证性细节。,Example2 Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own
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