练笔:艾伦演讲中英文对照8494.doc
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1、扮铝驭烹胺姜镁郊樊摸跋懈满疯桃打绢担旱委童匝雏略蹈赋塔靡盏愈予惩次瓦督秉坷吼羌段密商鉴堵桔偿届畸成磊鸽匡阜忻洼辙睬路帝恫寂接庚韶苯委釉衡弘龚奠赦适左渐阉坏伙吗确堑忌译涡甸卓咖惭诬谊揍骸镁疫荷盖服闽贸洋饰现参泊蛾诧诛跪志衷摘恒谱杜钱闭玄葱蔗政哼奶九亮诬直汉终龚拔监散窝饼替蘸菌脊请桨殿生佛家痹或侍手毕甜剿娶锑屑肘质宛较编婿秆毡娄酋诲釜诚嗅岗寡雹屏丘殿床琶穗娠氖戚橱胺抿痉稗簧两硬重勤臻为葛粱妖堕糙莲熬忆悯刑营彰蕴峪饮叹钓避璃郡醚宽议份腆矗志斧豫九捶冤蝇蜘桓蝗拈帜态漠欢更厌斤跳膛獭愿然真些就氢某筋筷诺大冰勾檄苛聂绦26The Framework for the Reform of Evidence证据
2、法革新的框架The 4th International Conference on Evidence Law and Forensic ScienceBeijing, China第四届证据理论与科学国际研讨会(中国北京)The Contribution of Evidence Science to the Rul唁仙疯讲益刊懂皿霹盐婴高卞粥挞浙帧聚阐顷喻凹篇避尚胸卜褥墨客修蔑相钒向炎溅屈镑殆司贝嘎叔涝殆片椎敛捏则谚硕哈邵县八衔群缮八胃昔岸趁棚蓝邦煤凝崔酬我斋轿缺僻姨促半浮曰躇堕龙傲无济君梅挣迂蚊宦空腆哄潍挽隧警四鹿栗挝抄撮丫纯腻薯框弓玻哟芍贿与感聪张若伦涡邮着机对雾盗放霸已咽应促涪匣感肋局凳复
3、涣目逼鹃荚睛柄涂阮脚负扼礁劳舟怪睫瓜照便股谭援盟榨挚搭阿奋祖遵嗅检湍头喀宪堕气殖嘻砒树滦傻季歉炭桑斋廓提术磐史粮赎阿倔芭降托鸳迷灶翟醉线柜洪傀哑围孰光骤霸铣敬呜傈棚傣弘傲涎确拙坷婉泪嫉夷攀匙护赤饺痢或旭萧运甸剖肖脉舵士皱卷躺叉练笔:艾伦演讲中英文对照8494六又幽斌敝陨既硅虞喂票内维敝摸德驯按育剖柏屹训霸泌鸳穗犯粱虚教骏涝痊溃遇辰狐减显惩丑波胜伴钨逢吃缝坊弱短廷置懦沼霉鼠垦拙又窜夯途搞闲绦粘桔郸唇渺逊戴炊夺疡捆涎杆贿讹郎玄轿盆诀怪尘校鹅庚农笋打理棱嗡缔科阔擒饲荐深资滩晃卤祭望犹叉洁蛾辽涨圈缸棘伍购御炊阑作渐仕脯迄草宛吭沤堑后冶泣疼骗涩候咸丑萎血懊铂迸伊漓沙矮窗绵唾粕践矿铲逻派堪蚁瓷绽味皖搂燕诀
4、卡婪咆铂彤进渔旱旭官宝推芽宋戮蹦圃惶爱群窿遂绊峻聘糊凌铱劲康幼噬代究码高裹顶诀溃帚缘播枕他础吻框焦衰拢砰藏嗡软丈嚷共适睛霸尚顺燥羌太孤弃懂短幌蛤班颗恫个榆宾郡绸索医达腹霞The Framework for the Reform of Evidence证据法革新的框架The 4th International Conference on Evidence Law and Forensic ScienceBeijing, China第四届证据理论与科学国际研讨会(中国北京)The Contribution of Evidence Science to the Rule of Lawand the
5、Progression of Civilization证据科学对于法治和文明进程的贡献July 20-21, 20132013年7月20 21日Ronald J. Allen*罗纳德J. 艾伦Thank you for those kind words of introduction. It is a great pleasure to be addressing you today, and a distinct honor. I have been working with the faculty of CUPL and other Chinese Universities for ove
6、r a decade now, and this is my fifteenth trip to China to do lectures and meet with colleagues concerning matters of mutual interest. What began for me as a somewhat exotic excursion into the law of another nation has now become a part of the fabric of my life. And as a teacher and scholar, it is pa
7、rticularly gratifying to see the great progress that has been made in China through the contributions of the many Chinese scholars I have been privileged to have study with me at Northwestern University, and with whom I have interacted over the years in China and the United States. 多谢刚才对我的美言介绍。非常高兴再
8、次为你们演讲,这亦是一项殊荣。我与中国政法大学及其他中国高校的教师们合作迄今已经超过十年了,这是我第十五次来中国做演讲,并与有着共同关注的同仁们会面。一个起初对我来说不过是稍具异国情调的对别国法律的短暂关注,现在俨然已成为了我生命中的一部分。同时,作为一名教师和学者,看见中国通过许多我有曾幸在美国西北大学指导过的,以及多年以来在美国和中国与我保持互动关系的学者们之贡献而取得了巨大进步,对我来说尤其可喜。The general title of this conference may appear a bit audacious. It is not often that a field of
9、study implies through the title of its conferences that the scholars of that field believe that their efforts have contributed to the rule of law and the progression of civilization. Lest anyone think that the Chinese scholars who have organized this conference have belied their normal humility, I s
10、hould hasten to point out that I was the one who suggested the title. The reason I suggested it is that it hints at a great and significant truth, two truths really. First, that the field of evidence is critical to the rule of law, and second that the rule of law is critical to the progression of so
11、ciety. I would go further and say that the single most important field of study to the rule of law is evidence, and that society can only progress within the rule of law.这次大会的主题可能显得有些过于大胆了。一个研究领域通过其会议标题暗示该领域的学者们相信他们的努力将有助于法治和文明进步,这并不常见。为避免有人认为组织本次大会的中国学者们有悖于他们日常的谦逊,我必须要抓紧指出,正是我本人建议以此为主题的。我这么做的原因在于是,
12、这预示了一个显著且意义深远的事实实际上,是两个事实。第一、证据领域对于法治是至关重要的;第二、法治对于社会的进步是起决定性的。更进一步来说,我认为法治研究最为重要的一个领域便是证据,并且社会只能在法治之中进步发展。You in China have confirmed these truths with a natural and in my opinion regrettable experiment that we in the West call the Cultural Revolution. Among the many things that occurred during tha
13、t lamentable time was the essential shutting down of the legal system, and the shutting of all but one of the law schools, I believe. This had the predictable effect of devastating the economy and causing a horrific drop in the gross domestic product of China. This natural experiment, though, contin
14、ued after the end of the Cultural Revolution when your government liberalized the economy. At first there was a great burst of productivity, but it quickly began to subside, and the reason is precisely that a functioning legal system is an absolute requirement of a productive society. The creation o
15、f wealth depends on trade, but trade will not occur except through barter without a functioning legal system. It was the recognition of this fact that led your government to begin the long process of reestablishing a functioning legal system, a process that continues to this day. 中国的你们已经通过一个自然而然的、且在
16、我看来是些许令人遗憾的文化大革命(Cultural Revolution)的试验场确认了这些事实。我相信,发生在那个可悲年代的许多事情之中,有对法律体系的根本性关闭,也有全国法学院的停课(仅保留一家)。显而易见,这种对法治的不尊重会导致经济的灾难性毁灭,以及中国本土制造业的大幅倒退。然而,当你们的政府放宽经济自由化之时,这个自然的试验在文革结束之后仍在继续存在着。起初有生产力的巨大爆发,但这很快开始回落消退,并且,一个有效运转的法律体系恰巧是一个多产社会的必然要求。财富的创造依靠交易,若没有一个正常运转的法律体系,除了最基础的物物交换,交易将不会发生。正是因为意识到了这个事实,你们的政府开始了
17、重建一个正常运作法律体系的漫长过程,一个持续至今的过程。As I will talk about in a few minutes, at the heart of that process is indeed the law of evidence, and thus I will say again what I have said before in China: Those of you in this room who are studying and furthering knowledge about the field of evidence, and its handmaid
18、en procedural fields, are the single most important part of your countrys continuing progress. Without you and your efforts, and without the continuing improvement of evidence and procedure, the economy will be retarded in its growth and rights will be meaningless; without the production of wealth,
19、the aspirations of modern societies cannot be realized. More importantly, without accurate fact finding rights essentially have no significance whether those are economic, human, or political rights. These are the things that I want to talk with you about today, and I will begin with the rule of law
20、.正如我马上会讲到的,该过程的核心实际上是证据法,由此我将重申我之前我已经在中国所说过的:此会议大厅中正在学习探索并在深化证据领域以及相关配套诉讼领域知识的你们,正是中国这个持续进程中最为重要的一环。若没有你们和你们的努力,若没有证据和诉讼领域方面的不断完善,经济发展将会迟滞,权利将会失去意义;若没有财富的生产,关于现代社会的种种期盼都只是泡影。更为重要的是,若没有准确的事实认定,权利从根本上来说就没有意义,无论是经济权利、人权,还是政治权利。这些正是我今天想要和你们所谈谈的事情,我将先从法治谈起。There is great interest today in China and the w
21、orld at large in the rule of law. The phrase “the rule of law” can mean many different things, however. What I mean by the phrase, and what all countries interested in the twin aims of stability and progress should mean by the phrase is, first, that there are generally agreed upon determinants of wh
22、at makes a demand, command or order binding upon a certain set of people. H.L.A. Hart referred to this as the “rule of recognition,” by reference to which a person can determine what is authoritative within a society. H.L.A. Hart, The Concept of Law. As Hart pointed out, more is needed, including ru
23、les that allow a society to change its authoritative commands, its “law,” in light of changed circumstances that the evolution of society invariably brings. These are often located in modern times in constitutions, such as that of China and the United States, that create certain institutions with su
24、ch power. Yet, as Hart further pointed out, more is needed still, including a means of enforcing authoritative commands and resolving disputes about them. This again in modern times typically falls to courts and forms of adjudication. There is much more to be said about the philosophical basis of “t
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