bs软弱岩层小净距公路隧道CD法贯通施工方法.doc
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10、crequirementssecondarticledisciplineeducation1,andminerulesmineJIedu软弱岩层小净距公路隧道贯通段施工工法北京市公路桥梁建设集团有限公司王义海、谷文元、胡建华、樊宇1.前言在采用双向对打隧道的施工中,特别是软弱岩层、浅埋偏压段,围岩整体强度低、自稳能力差,隧道贯通时最后一次爆破施工,炮量变大,炸落的围岩体量也较大,并且整个贯通段支护材料强度尚处在上升阶段,常常容易引起隧道贯通段塌方,给施工带来了极大的安全隐患。目前,国内隧道常采用台阶法进行贯通段施工,进行上台阶贯通时,贯通面积较大,在遇到软弱岩层时,存在很大的塌方风险。我公司在
11、承建108国道(南村-石门营段)改建工程的南村隧道时,隧道内遇软弱围岩,自稳能力极低,掌子面存在劣质煤线,岩体易滑塌,偏压明显,而且该双线隧道净距较小,左右洞施工相互影响较大, 如采用传统台阶法施工易引起两侧隧道同时发生塌方,公司根据现场情况,在30m过渡段两侧采用四台阶CD法对称进行隧道施工,剩余15m时单侧开挖,对CD法进行改造,加强,并最终安全、顺利完成了南村隧道A、B线贯通段施工,同时,还应用于苛萝坨隧道的贯通施工,均受到了业主单位的认可。2.工法特点2.1贯通段30m内采用四台阶CD法施工,提高了施工安全性,尤其针对软弱岩层、小净距公路隧道,将大断面开挖,分解为小断面,减少了开挖跨度
12、,提高了裸露围岩的支护施做时间,大大降低了塌方发生的风险。2.2贯通段15m内,采用四台阶CD法单方向施工,1部底部增设临时钢支撑,并喷混硬化,使I部初期支护封闭,提高支护整体承载力。2.3最后一次爆破的贯通体上方,从隧道两侧打设超前注浆小导管,形成交叉棚架,一能通过注浆改善贯通体上方的围岩性质,提高自稳性;二能起到棚架作用,防止落石及小范围松散体滑落;三能阻隔爆破振动,较小对贯通体上方围岩的扰动作用。四能弥补隧洞导洞贯通后气温骤降导致的隧道初期支护强度上升慢的缺陷。2.4 初期支护型钢拱架拱脚采用扩大拱脚的方式,增大拱架落地面积,有效的控制了拱顶沉降变形。2.5 采用超前探孔,明确贯通体实际
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