fc道路边坡稳定与加固设计.doc
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1、exciting spirit, to , not up of urgency, and slow shall not of sense, and sat not of sense, moments has a lying sake thing, and sat with rules of procedure of the, and station with officer of momentum, keep a ran of drive, and Rob of consciousness, and race of momentum, and spell of courage, to fire
2、 as of passion input work. The only way to ensure the healthy development of the cause, did not live up to the Organizations trust and the porcelain people live up to expectations. (B) the practice of three Suns, requires that we adhere to the problem oriented, improving the effectiveness of Governm
3、ent. An idea that I have said many times, talking about issues is much more useful than the talk. Because the results are in the past, talking about there, but the problem is eternal, not free, ubiquitous, if not resolved, will never go away on their own, and then only by solving a problem, work in
4、order to move forward, before moving forward progress of society. Marxist philosophy tells us that catch to catch the nature of the problem, grab the contradiction to catch the main contradiction. This requires us not only to be good at resolving individual, specific issues, also to be good at looki
5、ng through the phenomenon of nature, found by accident law, so as to catch common, widespread problem. We some place and sector of comrade, work starting point is good of, wants to developed some policy, wants to help enterprise development, and for masses do points things, but is careless make a kn
6、ife cut pot, upper and lower general rough, led to file introduced Hou hard implementation, some even help has pour busy, to enterprise increased has burden, damage has masses of interests; some place in do city development planning or industry development planning Shi, to self for Center, pursuit w
7、ishful thinking, not focused on and city general planning phase convergence, Final conflict for planning land cannot be submitted for approval, the project cant fall, wasted time, energy and money. In addition, there are many comrades often complain about difficult, superiors know the problem instea
8、d of trying, often report to prepare funding conditions. In fact, if any conditions are prepared properly, who called that is not the same?, conversely, if you are really looking for the right reasons, there is a good solution, the Government will provide support in terms of manpower, material and f
9、inancial resources. Government agencies set is a science, departments does the difference between good and bad, the difference only work well. Can get the attention and support, the key achievements and contributions to the Department. We carry out Government work, do anything to stick to problem-or
10、iented, be sure to have clear links to, take practical measures to achieve real results. This requires that we must reach out before the decision, . Help, in order to help companies ride out the storm. Last month, the City Government carried out a steady growth and development of research, many comr
11、ades told me that, in the course of land, some farmers dont understand municipal government decisions, even plain, block construction. On this issue, we should not only see the appearance of land expropriation, but on the other hand, thought the masses why conflict? worried that without a job, there
12、 are still other worries? can then take specific measures to resolve it. For example, baic Changhe automobile new bases in the land acquisition process and for surrounding farmers making a special people Club sector statistics, finds out, and organizations develop the skills training, Government河 海
13、大 学 学 士 学 位 论 文道路边坡稳定与加固设计土工格栅加固方案 贾雷刚(河海大学交通工程学院,江苏 南京 210098) 摘要:随着现代施工技术和施工机械的发展,越来越多的大型工程正在世界各地改变着大自然的面貌,道路越修越宽,桥梁越来越长。在大型工程给人们带来便利的同时,施工过程中的边坡问题对日常生活造成的危害也越来越严重,滑坡、泥石流、坍塌等地质危害在中央电视台天气预报中的专门预测就是一个表露。针对现在的边坡治理问题,本文着重阐述土工格栅的治理方案,以河南新乡潞王坟村的边坡为实例,通过岩土软件Geoslope的建模来计算边坡失稳机理;并采用土工格栅+回填土的施工工艺来对边坡进行加固处理
14、,并运用相关知识进行加固后的边坡稳定验算。关键词:土工格栅;边坡;稳定系数;加固Slope stability and reinforcement designJIA Leigang(The College of Traffic and Ocean Engineering , Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu,210098,China)Abstract:With the development of modern construction techniques and construction machinery, more and more large-s
15、cale projects around the world are changing the face of nature, the roads wider and the bridge longer. While the large-scale projects facilitate people, the harm on the daily life caused by the slope problem in the construction process is more serious, it is a show that geological hazards such as la
16、ndslide、mud-rock flows and the collapse are forecasted specially on CCTV “Weather Forecast . For the current slope governance, this article focuses on the governance of geogrid for the slope example of Henan Xinxiang Luwang Grave Village, calculating the mechanism of slope instability through the mo
17、del by geotechnical software Geoslope,reinforcing the slope through geogrid and back filling construction technology ,and then checks the slope stability which is reinforced using relevant knowledge.Key words:Geogrid, slope, stability coefficient, reinforcement第一章 绪论1.1 概述边坡是指具有倾斜坡面的岩土体,可分为天然边坡和人工边坡
18、。天然边坡是指由于地质作用自然形成的边坡,如山坡、江河的岸坡等;人工边坡是指经过人工开挖、填形成的坡面,如基坑、渠道、土石坝、路堤等的边坡。由于边坡表面倾斜,在土体自重及其他外力作用下,整个岩体都有从高处向低处滑动的趋势,所以边坡的稳定性是由土体的工程地质、水文地质条件和岩土体力学性质决定。图1-1 某地人工开挖的边坡1.2 滑坡滑坡是斜坡岩土体沿着贯通的剪切破坏面所发生的滑移现象,灾害形态表现为斜坡的变形和滑落。按照组成边坡土体的性质,通常分为土坡滑动和岩坡滑动。引起滑坡的根本原因是土体内部某个面上的剪应力达到了它的抗剪强度,稳定平衡遭到了破坏。使剪应力达到抗剪强度的起因有二:一是由于土体内
19、部剪应力的增加,例如堤坝施工中上部填土荷重的增加,降雨使土体重度增加、产生渗流力,坡面或者坡顶施加过重荷载或由于地震、打桩等引起动力荷载;二是由于土体本身抗剪强度的减少,例如孔隙水压力的升高,气候变化产生的干裂、冻融,粘土夹层因浸水而软化等引起的岩土体强度降低。1.3 滑坡产生的危害 滑坡是一种重要的地质灾害,对人类的生命财产带来重大威胁,例如滑坡可导致交通中断、河道堵塞、厂矿城镇被掩埋、工程建设受阻等。表1-1统计了上世纪世界上的一些重大滑坡灾害的实例。从中可以发现一些规模较大的滑坡,如意大利的瓦依昂滑坡,死亡人数达几千人;中国宁夏海源及秘鲁Yungay个别特大滑坡灾害的伤亡人数均以万计;另
20、外由于滑坡堵塞河道形成天然水库,而这些水库又没有溢洪道通,常会在短期内溃决形成特大洪水,由此导致更大的灾害。 表1-2 世界重大滑坡灾害实例国家地区日期滑坡类型危害爪哇1919年 泥石流 5100人死亡140个村被毁中国宁夏海源 1920年12月黄土流 约20万人死亡美国加利福尼亚 1934年12月泥石流40人死亡400间房子被毁日本 久礼 1945年 1154人死亡日本东京西南 1958年 1100人死亡秘鲁 Ranrachirca1962年6月岩石崩塌3500多人死亡意大利 瓦依昂 1963年 岩石滑坡进入水库2600人死亡英国Aberfan 1966年10月流动滑坡144人死亡巴西 19
21、66年1000人死亡巴西1967年 1700人死亡美国弗吉尼亚1969年 泥石流 150人死亡日本 1969年-1972年 各种灾害 519人死亡13288间房被毁香港 1972年6月各种灾害138人死亡日本 Kamijima1972年 112人死亡意大利南部 1972年-1973年各种灾害 100个村庄被毁影响20万人秘鲁Mantaro峡谷 1974年 450人死亡秘鲁 Yacitan 1983年 233人死亡尼泊尔西部 1983年 186人死亡中国东乡县洒勒1983年 黄土滑坡 4个村被毁227人死亡哥伦比亚Armero 1985年11月泥流 约22000人死亡土耳其Catak1988年6
22、月66人死亡从表1-1我们可以看出滑坡所造成的危害是非常巨大的,后果是非常严重的。为了保护人民生活生产的安全,我们必须对边坡的稳定性进行分析,对边坡稳定性不足的部分加以处理,做到早预防、早治理。1.4 滑坡的稳定性分析现状1.4.1 定量分析法边坡稳定性分析还远没有走到完全定量这一步,它只能算是一种半定量的分析方法。(1) 极限平衡分析法极限平衡法是边坡稳定分析中最常用的方法。它是通过分析在临近破坏状况下,土体外力与内部强度所提供抗力之间的平衡,计算土体在自身和外荷作用下的土坡稳定性程度,通常以边坡稳定系数表示为: F=S/ (1-1)式中:S为抗剪强度;为实际剪应力。边坡中最小的稳定系数称为
23、边坡稳定安全系数,它表示了该边坡的稳定程度。目前已有了多种极限平衡分析方法,与其它方法相比,极限平衡法的缺点是在力学上作了一些简化假设,但是近年来已在计算模型、滑动面确定、边坡类型等方面都得到了一定的完善。(2) 数值法现在已出现的数值法有:有限元法、无单元法、离散单元法(DEM)、快速拉格朗日分析法(FLAC)、不连续变形分析法(DDA)、快速流线元法(1990)。有限元法是一种十分成熟的数值方法,也是边坡稳定分析中用得较多的一种方法。有限元的优点是部分地考虑了边坡岩体的非均质和不连续性,可以给出岩体的应力、应变大小与分布,避免了极限平衡分析法中将滑体视为刚体而过于简化的缺点;但它还不能很好
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