Unit 21 Ship Structure and Equipment Ship Structure.doc
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1、Unit 21 Ship Structure and Equipment Ship Structure船舶结构与设备船舶结构1. TYPICAL BULK CARRIER STUCTURAL CONFIGURATION The most widely recognised structural arrangement identified with bulk carriers is a single deck ship with a double bottom, hopper tanks, single skin transverse framed sideshell, topside tan
2、ks and deck hatchways .最广泛认可与散货船结构安排确定是一个双层底,底边舱,单层横框sideshell,顶边舱和甲板舱口单甲板船 Bulk carrier design does not alter significantly with size; fundamentally, a bulk carrier of 30,000 tonnes deadweight usually has the same structural configuration as that of a ship of 80,000 tonnes deadweight .散货船的设计不会因大小不会
3、改变显著,载重3万吨与载重8万吨有有相同的结构配置。 In general, the plating comprising structural items such as the side shell, bottom shell, strength deck, transverse bulkheads, inner bottom and topside and tank sloping plating provides local boundaries of the structure and carries static and dynamic pressure loads exerted
4、 by, for example, the cargo, bunkers, ballast and the sea.This plating is supported by secondary stiffening members such as frames or longitudinals. 一般而言,电镀包括结构的项目,如侧壳,底壳,强力甲板,横舱壁,内底和顶面和镀槽坡组成结构项目提供了结构局部边界,进行静态和动态压力,例如,通过货物、燃料、压载水舱和大海这电镀的部分支持等中等尺寸的框或壳。These secondary members transfer the loads to pri
5、mary structural members such as the double bottom floors and girders or the transverse web frames in topside and hopper tanks, etc .这些二次要部分转移负荷的主要结构构件,如梁双层底或地板和顶边和底边舱的横向肋骨等。 The transverse bulkhead structures, including its upper and lower stools, together with the cross deck and the double bottom s
6、tructures are the main structural members which provide the transverse strength of the ship to prevent the hull section from distorting.横向舱壁结构,包括它的上部和下部一起交叉连同过甲板上双底结构的主要结构成员提供抗弯强度防止船的船体段扭曲 In addition, if ingress of water into any one hold has occurred, the transverse watertight bulkheads prevent pr
7、ogressive flooding of other holds.另外,如果进水到任何一个水平已发生,横向水密舱壁防止大量进水是有效的。2. DESIGN LIMITATIONS 2.1 General All ships are designed with limitations imposed upon their operability to ensure that the structural integrity is maintained.所有的船的设计通过限制可操作性,以确保维持结构完整性。 Therefore, exceeding these limitations may r
8、esult in overstress- ing of the ships structure which may lead to catastrophic failure. 因此,超过这些限制可能导致过载,可能导致灾难性的失败。The ships approved loading manual手册provides a description of说明 the operational业务 loading conditions upon根据条件 which the design of设计 the hull structure结构 has been based. The loading instr
9、ument provides a means to readily calculate the still water shear forces and bending moments, in any load or ballast condition, and assess these values against the design limits. 装载仪器提供了一种易于计算静水剪力和弯矩在任何负载或压载的条件下,针对设计和评估限制这些值。 A ships structure is designed to withstand the static and dynamic loads li
10、kely to be experienced by the ship throughout its service life. 船的结构设计能够承受的静态和动态载荷可能受到其整个使用船舶经验寿命The loads acting on the hull structure when a ship is floating in still (calm) water are static loads. 载荷对船体结构时,一船是浮在静止水是静态负载。These loads are imposed by the: 这些荷载施加的有:1) Actual weight of the ships struct
11、ure, outfitting, equipment and machinery .实际重量船的结构、装备、设备和机器。2) Cargo load ( weight ) . 装载货物(重量)。3) Bunker and other consumable loads ( weight ) .Bunker其它消耗负荷(重量)4) Ballast load ( weight ) .镇流器负荷(重量)5) Hydrostatic pressure ( sea water pressure acting on the hull ) . 静水压(海水压力作用于船体) Dynamic loads are t
12、hose additional loads exerted on the ships hull structure through the action of the waves and the effects of the resultant ship motions (i. e. acceleration force, slamming(拍击运动) and sloshing loads). 动态载荷对这些额外的负荷在船的船体结构,通过波的作用结果的影响船舶运动加速度力(即加速力,拍击运动晃动负荷)Sloshing loads may be induced on the ships inte
13、rnal structure through the movement of the fluids in tanks/holds whilst slamming of the bottom shell structure forward may occur due to emergence of the fore end of the ship from the sea in heavy weather. 晃动负荷可能诱发船上的内部结构tanks/holds,通过对流体运动的,而壳结构的底部拍击运动可能会出现由于对来自海上的船只在恶劣天气出现前结束。Cargo over-loading in
14、individual hold spaces will increase the static stress levels in the ships structure and reduce the strength capability of the structure to sustain the dynamic loads exerted in adverse sea conditions. 货物过个别持有空间负荷将增加船舶的结构静应力水平,降低了结构强度的能力,以维持在恶劣海况下产生的动态负载。2.2 Hull Girder Shear Forces and Bending Momen
15、ts船体梁剪力和弯矩All bulk carriers classed with IACS Member Societies are assigned permissible still water shear forces (SWSF) and SWBM limits assigned to each ship, namely: 与国际船级社协会会员所有散装社团归类仍然允许运营商分配水(SWSF)剪切力和SWBM限制分配给每个船,即:1) Seagoing (at sea) SWSF and SWBM limits. 远洋(海上)SWSF和SWBM限制。2) Harbour (in port
16、) SWSF and SWBM limits . 港(港口)SWSF和SWBM限制The seagoing SWSF and SWBM limits are not to be exceeded when the ship puts to sea or during any part of a seagoing voyage. SWBM的海上SWSF和限制不得超过当出港或在海上航行的任何一个部分。 In harbour, where the ship is in sheltered water and is subjected to reduced dynamic loads, the hul
17、l girder is permitted to carry a higher level of stress imposed by the static loads. 在港口,那里船停靠在庇护水和受到降低动态荷载作用下,允许船体梁携带一个更高层次的压力所产生的静态负荷The harbour SWSF and SWBM limits are not to be exceeded during any stage of harbour cargo operations. 海港SWSF和SWBM不超过任何阶段港口货物操作的限制。When a ship is floating in still wa
18、ter, the ships lightweight ( the weight of the ships structure and its machinery) and deadweight (all other weights, such as the weight of the bunkers, ballast, provisions and cargo) are supported by the global buoyancy up-thrust acting on the exterior of the hull.Along the ships length there will b
19、e local differences in the vertical forces of buoyancy and the ships weight. These unbalanced net vertical forces acting along the length of the ship will cause the girder to shear and to bend, inducing a vertical SWSF and SWBM at each section of the hull. 当一艘船漂浮在静止的水, 这艘船的轻量级(重量的船的结构及其机械)和净(其他所有重量、
20、如掩体的重量、压舱物、规定和货物)的支持up-thrust全球浮力的外观上表演的船体沿着船的长度将会有地区差异问题在垂直的力量的浮力和船的重量。这些不平衡的净垂向力的长度代理在船将使较大剪力和弯曲、诱导垂直SWSF和SWBM的各部分在船体。At sea, the ship is subjected to cyclical shearing and bending actions induced by continuously changing wave pressures acting on the hull.These cyclical shearing and bending action
21、s give rise to an additional component of dynamic, wave induced, shear force and bending moment in the hull girder.在海上,船是受到周期性的剪切和不断变化的波浪压力的影响.周期性剪切和弯曲作用的动态,波浪引起的额外组件,剪切力和船体弯矩致弯曲行为梁。 At any one time, the hull girder is subjected to a combination of still water and wave induced shear forces and bendi
22、ng moments. 在任何一个时间,船体梁是受到了静水和海浪的合力引起的剪力和弯矩。 The stresses in the hull section caused by these shearing forces and bending moments are carried by continuous longitudinal structural members. 在这些的应力剪切力和弯矩引起的连续纵向构件进行船体部分。These structural members are the strength deck, sideshell舷侧外板 and bottom shell plat
23、ing 双层底板and longitudinals,纵骨 inner bottom plating and longitudinals, doublebottom girders and topside水上舷侧 and hopper tank plating and longitudinals, which are generally defined as the hull girder大梁 .2. 3 Local Strength of Transverse Bulkhead, Double Bottom and Cross Deck Structure局部横向舱壁强度,双层底结构与跨桥面T
24、o enhance safety and flexibility, some bulk carriers are provided with local loading criteria which define the maximum allowable cargo weight in each cargo hold, and each pair of adjacent cargo holds (i.e. block hold loading condition), for various ship draught conditions. 提高安全性和灵活性,提供了一些散装货轮装载的准则,与
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