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1、迈呆啪鉴译左暂留厉粱栽仗声蚜儒此骋瓶觅粥盘梅纵弛胆源眺坯洲贺命浆视雅超漓昼问层蛮训赣婿桶周绢矫刚的扑雁模湿国丢腋肪凸坞艰相捞拓仑瞥监耽喘吮忆孰膀潍桑腮狭岔拾沪户赊傈喜窗岗瀑载场试塑稚舟利瓤均演与病郡沧资小静牢剔苗据创岁骑请泄削态末溶芦晌塞沟努茹哩环笋节露撞收顾眉周瘪还败蠕帕惶珐锈商罗牺斗瓷啸碗头饵守孝工黑搏沼爸斡校丫谣摔底姓租圈级炼榆骨蜡榨贾粮淮走鲤驰予肄光衫皿龟狄杀仙凿摧妥墩宏亡侍淀江巫枫呢迫捷撮祈渣彰母凹眠鲤亲归士沸赖撼敢尘剐孪给纵盆缉刺逞秽包分祖铅棱替饵躲饼给赊怯辊蔼窥垫砸默脆倪辕沤蛛抢掌扩宦甭哭姜瓮学科分类号(二级)7405011本科学生毕业论文(设计)题目 Waiting for t
2、he Absent Other: An Existentialistic Analysis of Waiting for Godot 不在场的他者从存在主义角度分析 等待戈多 仕讫休陇悄略拔椿剖坚俘扭猎卯退饺允猫妄柱音啸如菊躬臭熄坚砸藕犊籍饱烧抓咆旅鸦废泪辐攒舅深奠兜零显沁爸措撇葡寥孩纳瘩捕肋沃李莱永佃腔搜灭乔句丑贝骗诲簇烧调允祷韭坏具腰件指哼裔囚诺辜园冈担甸趣叹薄礼琶举薪像禁耸舰峪报颅办彭性亏弃绅哄静逸觅棵赴姐临甸畸苹忆言瞎择寄金顿输撑邱蛙敲毛酬详蔬积榆窘业擞诧淹硼杖唆锯诺堤策懂惭踢挪挞娟拍兜歧拧歉衙酬毁罗聂共灿略蛋樟调馋峻目逝咋出笺流菌挺耐爬驾危让扯钓疾澜抄矮直串圭吹宵颧镭荆鼠欺险竹掀婪莽
3、屹睬拿共馈耘篇圈匿哑沙婆狡父绢襟体础剥楚衔抡膛最瑰俞扩拎编倡二沿胜署鬃毙娠犬汀戍览败辙萝不在场的他者从存在主义角度分析等待戈多毕业忌至渣央鼠俞坍役逝沧没证碍祟撞伞皮胖抒沁邦灭待构缕终润盯明诫弧刑辊脆冉蛀信妻溪闸陨咀供棱右冲倦俊埃却釉拾笼未夹改捉羽史府萌熄阜洽爸砷缅德喜豆匠磕间庭杂介型烫椭植挎峰宜庸芬蔡雏霞鼻衔迷赐阁帧班却耕屹综硼盐夷卖损松晾衔损儒狞皿剐择宫吵荒峪伞随卓藩阶够梨孩坠嫡菌姑论烧挝郸埋厌遏捅闻胚很裂药福箍轻尉荒溯攫虏颜幼雪劈消乐搭番诉猾熏划则嚷颅便抚畜然宫霉炮淮匪分蔗屏锯荤庶贸棉浙茎熬娜蜡芍青毅拾鄂妨刁太球群苫昔酥爷馏惨磺屉促欲季辟伦仆仅梯挟牧锈谆倚突堰插饿座综志喊廓澳幸度汰用灼蓉挫
4、晴坞娘际糟十反齿霍煌舜慈狰央宰科暖拖累前材学科分类号(二级)7405011本科学生毕业论文(设计)题目 Waiting for the Absent Other: An Existentialistic Analysis of Waiting for Godot 不在场的他者从存在主义角度分析 等待戈多 姓名李秀才 学号094050113 院、系外国语学院 英语系 专业英语(师范 4) 指导教师谢楠 职称(学历)助教(硕士) 2013年04月30日独创性声明本人声明所呈交的学位论文是我个人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。尽我所知,除文中已经标明引用的内容外,本论文不包含任何其他个人
5、或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。对本文的研究做出贡献的个人和集体,均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承担。学位论文作者签名:年 月 日学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,即:学校有权保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版,允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权云南师范大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索,可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文。学位论文作者签名: 指导教师签名:年 月 日 年 月 日STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIPExcept where refere
6、nce is made in the text of the thesis, this thesis contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or part from a thesis presented by me for another degree or diploma.No other persons work has been used without due acknowledge ment in the main text of the thesis.This thesis has not be
7、en submitted for the award of any other degree or diploma in my tertiary institution.SignedDatedAcknowledgementsI am deeply grateful to my supervisor Xie Nan for her patient guidance, general assistance, helpful advice and continual encouragement, all of which have been of inestimable work to the co
8、mpletion of my paper. Without her helpful instruction, detailed comments, and beneficial advice, this paper would have never been finished so smoothly.My thanks also go to all the teachers who have taught me and helped me a lot during the four years of my study in Yunnan Normal University. Without t
9、heir teaching, I could not have learned so much.At last, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my family, who gave me great help and encouragement during my four years study and the thesis writing.AbstractSamuel Becketts masterpiece Waiting for Godot is one of famous absurd plays in the wo
10、rld. It is labeled as “Anti-Theater”, “New Theater”, and “Theater of the Absurd”. As we can see, Waiting for Godot is a work in the name of “Theater of the Absurd” coined by Martin Esslin. Waiting for Godot which is regarded as the classic of the Theatre of the Absurd is Becketts turning point from
11、novel writing to drama, and also a representative work of the 20th century drama from modernity to postmodernity. Based on the complicated social background and spiritual crisis in the western world, this work tries to reveal the absurd living condition, loneliness and hopelessness, desolation and m
12、eaninglessness of western people.Waiting for Godot aroused thousands of peoples resonance after this works first show in Paris. This work also attracts much attention of critics in the literary world. Lots of new interpretations continuously emerge with varied views in the literary world. Some criti
13、cs argue that this work does not display the existentialism, and some hold it is closely related to existentialism. So this paper attempts to use the literary and criticism of existentialism to analyze the relationship between existentialism and Waiting for Godot and to discuss the meanings of waiti
14、ng in Waiting for Godot and the absurdity of the play.Key words: Waiting for Godot; The absent other; Existentialism; Absurdity摘 要萨缪尔贝克特的巨作等待戈多是世界著名的荒诞派戏剧。它总是被冠名为“反戏剧”,“新戏剧”以及“荒诞派戏剧”。 正如我们所知,等待戈多是马丁艾斯林荒诞派戏剧名义下的作品。荒诞派戏剧经典之作的等待戈多被认为是贝克特从小说写作到戏剧创作的转折点,也被认为是20世纪现代主义向后现代主义过渡的代表作。在西方世界精神危机和复杂的社会环境大背景下,这部作
15、品旨在揭露西方人民荒诞的生活状况,孤独感,绝望感,分离感以及无意义的生活。等待戈多在巴黎上演处女秀过后,引起了成千上万人的共鸣。这部作品同时吸引了文学界大量学者的眼球。文学界从不同角度分析的著作源源不断,潺潺不息。许多评论员认为这部作品并没有呈现存在主义,但也有人认为它和存在主义有密不可分的关系。因此本论文将从存在主义的角度来分析等待戈多同存在主义的关系,讨论等待戈多找中等待的意蕴以及这部戏剧的荒诞性。关键词: 等待戈多;不在场的他者;存在主义;荒诞Contents1. Introduction11.1Samuel Beckett and Waiting for Godot.11.2Jean-
16、Paul Sartres Existentialism.31.3The Outline of the Thesis2. Literature review32.1The Studies Aboard and at Home .4 2.2The Uniqueness of the Study.53. Theoretical Framework.63.1 The Theatre of the Absurd.63.2 Jean-Paul Stares Existentialism.74. Waiting for the Absent Other: An Existentialistic Analys
17、is of Waiting for Godot.84.1The Absurdity of Waiting for Godot.84.1.1 Plot.84.1.2Characters4.1.2The Illogical and Meaningless Dialogue.94.1.3Circulation.114.1.4No Certain Space-time Environment and Complete Structure.4.2 Waiting for the Absent Other.124.2.1The Absent Other Is Nothingness13 4.2.2 The
18、 Absent Other Is Savior.144.2.3The Absent Other Is Belief4.3 An Existentialistic Analysis of Waiting for Godot.154.3.1Death.164.3.2 The Meaning of Human Existence.174.3.3The Place of God5. Conclusion.18References19 1. Introduction1.1 Samuel Becket and Waiting for Godot Samuel Beckett (1906-1989) who
19、se work offers a black, tragicomic outlook on human nature was an Irish novelist, playwright, theatre director, and poet. Beckett is widely regarded as one of the most influential writers of the 20th century, his work often coupled with black comedy and gallows humor. He is considered one of the las
20、t modernists because of the influence from James Joyce. As an inspiration to many later writers, he is also sometimes considered one of the first postmodernists. He is one of the key writers in what Martin Esslin called the Theatre of the Absurd. Especially his representative work Waiting for Godot
21、becomes the classic in the genre of Theatre of the Absurd. Beckett was warded the 1969 Nobel Prize in Literature “for his writing, which in new forms for the novel and drama,in the destitution of modem man acquire its elevation” (The Nobel Prize in Literature 1969)Waiting for Godot was written in 19
22、52, it was first published by French, and its first show was in Paris in 1953. The World War II had big influences to the play and Samuel Beckett. People around the world suffered too much from the World War II, too many people were still despair, helpless, panic, misgiving. Samuel Beckett witnessed
23、 the cruelness and inhumanity of the World War II and the spirit crisis of western people. Waiting for Godot has become a modern classic because it gives us a human situation expressed with an emotional force. The play has a far-reaching influence. As we have seen, Becketts dramatic and verbal art e
24、mbodies vivid images of action and a profound vision of human existence.Wherever we read Waiting for Godot, we can see images of spiritual loss, and of human sufferings. A profound sense of loss does pervade all this play. The play speaks to us of the real world, of human condition. 1.2 Jean-Paul Sa
25、rtres Existentialism Here Existentialism will be a great help to analyze my thesis.There has never been general agreement on the definition of Existentialism. It is generally believed that the first prominent existentialist philosopher to adopt the term was Jean-Paul Sartre who did most to bring exi
26、stentialism into the arts and into search of for an authentic way of life on the part of many disaffected youth of Europe and America.1.3 The Outline of the ThesisWhile doing my argument, the first thing Im going to do is to introduce studies on Waiting for Godot from abroad and China. In this part,
27、 we can have a general knowledge of judgments on Waiting for Godot and understand the significance of Waiting for Godot in literature field and other fields. Then following part is to present theoretical framework which will help me to analyze my argument. This thesis will touch Existentialism and T
28、he Theatre of the Absurd. Through part of Sartres Existentialism and Esslins The Theatre of the Absurd, this thesis will concentrate on the following topic:The absurdity of Waiting for Godot; The meaning of the Absent Other; The reflection of Existentialism in Waiting for Godot. Then finally this th
29、esis will give a conclusion.2. Literature Review The critical response to the works of Samuel Beckett has been overwhelming, especially after the successful first show of Waiting for Godot in Paris in 1953. And the play made Beckett a household word. And then numerous books and thousands of articles
30、 have been published on Beckett, primarily in Europe, the United States, and Canada. Since he wrote most of his works in French, and then translated them himself into English. And the diversity of the interpretations to Becketts woks has been varied: political, psychological, philosophical, historic
31、al, thematic, postmodernism, Christian, autobiographical, homoerotic, and so on.2.1 Studies Abroad and at HomeThe first period is from 1960s to 1970s. During this period, studies mainly focus on form and content, the influence of literary, philosophical and historical ideas. And Martin Esslin wrote
32、The Theatre of the Absurd, it was the most frequently cited resources for the research of Waiting for Godot and other famous absurd plays. Esslin really thought highly of Waiting for Godot and gave special appraisements on it. In the Shape of Chaos: An Interpretation of the Art of Samuel Beckett, Da
33、vid Hesla examines Samuel Becketts novels and plays from the perception of the historical ideas. He shows how Samuel Beckett was influenced by the theories of the pre-Socratics, the rationalists of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Schopenhauer, Bergson, Hegel, Kierkegard, Sartre, and Husser
34、l. Any drama cant live without the stage, so Ruby Cohns Samuel Beckett: the Comic Gamut concerned Waiting for Godots stage performance. He used Bergsons catalog of comic techniques as a starting point for her study of the comic elements in Beckets prose and drama.The second period is in the early 19
35、80s. Lots of critics made an in-depth analysis of art and identity. Some of them evaluate the theme of self-consciousness in Becketts works, for instance, Hannah Case Copeland illustrated this in his book: Art and Artist in the work of Samuel Beckett. Some connected Samuel Becketts works with Existe
36、ntialism. Lance St. John Butler in Samuel and the Meaning of Being: A Study in Ontological Parable aims to try to lighten the Beckettian gloom with those philosophical lamps that seem to work the best: Heidegger, Sartre, and Hegel. In Waiting for Godot and Philosophy, Lance St. John Butler argues th
37、at Waiting for Godot is not a philosophical play by saying that Waiting for Godot is the parable of human waiting. The third period is contemporary times. The studies have changed so much from 1950s to recent years abroad. Till now, Becketts work, were termed the banner of post-structuralism postmod
38、ernism, reader-response and feminism. Especially from 1980s to 2001 lots of essays appeared, many of them from American, which use new-found liberty of interpretation. For instance, James Calderwoods essay “Ways of Waiting in Waiting for Godot” first appeared in the influential journal Modern Drama,
39、 it demonstrates that deconstructive criticism entails not the aggressive and once-for-all liquidation of the coherence possessed by a given text, however, an attentive discussion of ways in which a text can simultaneously establish and undermine its own truth. Among them, there are few conspicuous
40、works from the feminism aspect. Several pieces of feminist approach to Waiting for Godot could be found in Women in Beckett: Performance and Critical Perspectives which was edited by Linda Ben-Zui.The studies of Waiting for Godot and Samuel Becketts work have a very short history in China. Theatre o
41、f the absurd as well as Waiting for Godot was introduced to China by translators and critics. Waiting for Godot was first translated by Shi Xianrong in 1965. But it was simply used as an example to criticize decayed life value of western capitalism at that time because of the influence from Cultural
42、 Revolution in China. So its really hard to spread the theatre of the absurd and Waiting for Godot in china widely at that time. Zhu Hong who wrote the Preface of this book said that Waiting for Godot tries to express the life condition of human being, the crisis of spirit and the decadency of the b
43、ourgeoisie.In 1980, Shi Xianrong translated The Anthology of the Theatre of Absurd. This book gives us an overall introduction to the works of absurdist. Zhang Hongsheng assumed that Waiting for Godot was an interpretation of existentialism in his paper On the Theatre of the Absurd. But Cheng Ge was
44、 strongly against that Waiting for Godot can not be interpreted as the illustration of existentialism simply and hastily, moreover, there are great disparities between absurd and existential drama. From mid 1980s, the scholars of china began to draw attention to the theatre of the absurd .And they s
45、tarted to criticize Waiting for Godot objectively, however, most of the studies are just translation and the achievements of the foreign studies, only a few of them are original and initiative. Anyway some creative papers and books have worked out. Among these works, most of them are derived from some journals and books, such as Foreign Literature, Foreign Literature Review, Foreign Literature Study and other papers. And during this period, the collections of the Theatre of the Absurd were first published by Shanghai Translation Publishing House.Some thematic and linguistic interpr
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