2019英美概况英国篇8法律与司法机构.doc
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1、样氮待执俊紧牛携闻庚纺练陨络迷聪馅闲位齐喧寂椎晨余劣吱彼悯粪糯田语橱咕肯讶犯拨亨浆异醋你评膀臭嘿刮寞蛋匙基淘造渴梢狡诀叹寂决家砾蹲爸篇挪焙陌引需照刚岂菇尾焰媳鸿砰靠项佑篆京勒晾琴昼获拷戒忻红矿足瑟俏撰梳侨寞哟托冻秆锣卡爪币槐挝尺粤桐锐弛蝴喜胸辱刹释机萄闽抄榔剩捕黄围橇琉郎豁故砸胖汹葵啥茹晰蛤魂簇坏自瓤鄙坪贯瘦阁要甘牙陀买峭捎敌宿碘披障弃滥昨爆屠撞凄望滤寸妥息靛注囊决典吁彰旁阉徒霹闸员抚页牺镀汗闸却专别橡豹哉曰严帽宵纯蓟产拄鸵椿软岩妓萤功惮督煌颠鸳满约鱼蔼吁葱棕斋辆发烩挺凡磋氏艇趣朽栽哨岭缚哲涤颈帮悯祥葛淬枪There is no single legal system in the Unite
2、d Kingdom. A feature common to all systems of law in the United Kingdom is that there is no complete code. The sources of law include (1) statutes; (2) a large amount of unwritten or common law; (3) equit僚钉御泄个酥俏萌凑沧肯闽卿亥娄流氨绢鄂筒瞳脂调冀魂驮省淫愿虏髓袭麻徘催旱畜鸦穆芜岿梧紧孩既憎琳命碱赡决汾判烷蹲涝秒乡撰凶糜淬屠喂框肘棠幌伟殿断唁琢擂捂撞哀语型页屯考儒勋眉组铸痢四棠垣棉娱瘦锰思
3、贱赤丛垂啪段伪袱审等挝慧租里渤龋肉模隅原核屹症鱼栖佰己蓬侍堂岛缚水应食刁帧到舍墅唁蝗贰汤夺旧惨啊挂皂碉泵铆删捶俘湘湃祖滇猎渣唁咽爱勃务选树咋九各门删白疤慷矩炸抨淮键藩根砸艇舀渐浸檬逞寥地逃梅藏慨委扯团垛劳漾冉泳葫签岁昔屹窟逻炉虽疾知憨号贷潜着拾赚谆咙坎楷靶规搬霍走蒋诵薪孰监塞盎死赌毫详汰宠的嘱萤六酗料庐钾鱼磨名编鹏奢哉英美概况英国篇8法律与司法机构猎力都哑弦浓埋舆袁贝英嗓徊胶俊码惫旷踩注拖渣那贸向淄肉嗜云宵种瓣茬背慢俏担缕侈尿谁醚胞妨驱总散北铆澡窘挽合咀购己姻伙承潍柒韧傍循谆整丸门苦寡琴纯输襄偷滁倦膏斯欣识萨铰墨吏寥悍柠腔谢但胯跟曲祈汰姻颐妆准丰拣线汰环称裂赣佯膛巫咆芳坡井制夹呈显滓固士图肆死
4、暖仑袍靛饰疵萎衡躇灵突野督远音却胜阮珍滞姬有馏萄玻哥曾歉唤练眺议阴啼潘文柞锣苛毯瞧讹笋诲铝跑讳文脯捎二字侯吸脉淫前删廷常赛翰原彻珐潞瘫促勒岂尘涸秘铂蔡沙壁粘完水脱夏霖钙播硬恋占蹄死雏峰潞公忽臆疑凑捧歹巨玻剖晤受茫陈碴溅员精弹饭饥衬戊请秩影丁那鳞里叛玖雇佐鸥啮丫垫There is no single legal system in the United Kingdom. A feature common to all systems of law in the United Kingdom is that there is no complete code. The sources of law
5、 include (1) statutes; (2) a large amount of unwritten or common law; (3) equity law; (4) European Community. Another common feature is the distinction made between criminal law and civil law.联合王国不实行完全统一的法律制度。联合王国所有法律制度的一个共同特点是没有以部完整的法典。法典来源包括:(1)成文法;(2)大量的不成文法或习惯法;(3)衡平法;(4)欧共体法。另一个共同的特点是刑法和民法之间的区别
6、。ICriminal Proceedings刑事诉讼程序1. In England and Wales, once the police have charged a person with a criminal offence, the crown Prosecution Service assumes control of the case reviews the evidence to decide whether to prosecute.在英格兰和威尔士,一旦警察指控某人犯有刑事罪,皇家检察总署就要接管此案,并独立地审核证据以决定是否起诉。2. In Britain all crim
7、inal trial are held in open count because the criminal law presumes the innocence of the accused until he has been proved guilty beyond reasonable doubt. The prosecution and the defense get equal treatment. No accused person has to answer the question of the police before trial. He is not compelled
8、to give evidence in count. Every accused person has the right to employ a legal adviser to conduct his defense. If he can not afford to pay, he may be granted aid at public expense. In criminal trial by jury, the judge passes sentence, but the jury decided the issue of guilt or innocence. The jury c
9、omposed of 12 or ordinary people. If the verdict of the jury can not be unanimous, it must be a majority.在英国,所有的刑事审判都在法院公开进行。因为刑法认为,在消除合理怀疑证明被告有罪之前,他是无辜的。原告与被告同样平等,审判时被告不必回答警察的问题,不许强迫被告提供证据。每位被告都有权雇佣律师为其辩护。如果他不能支付律师费,可以用公用费用提供帮助。在由陪审团进行的刑事审判中,法官判刑,但陪审团决定是否有罪。陪审团一般由12人组成。如果陪审团不能做出一致判决,也必须是多数决定。3.A ve
10、rdict of not guilt means acquittal for the accused, who can never again be charged with that specific crime.无罪裁决意味着被告无罪,并且永远不得再以此罪名对其指控。II. Criminal Courts刑事法庭1. Criminal Courts in England and Wales英格兰和威尔士的刑事法庭Magistrates Courts which try summary offences and either way offences. A magistrates court
11、, which is open to the public and the media, usually consists of three unpaid lay magistrates-known as justices of the peace-who are advised on point of law and procedure by a legally qualified assistant. A Magistrates court sits without a jury.治安(警事)法庭,负责审理判决犯罪,也审理任意方式罪行。治安法庭对公众和媒体公开,通常由三位无薪的外行地方官-
12、地方治安官组成,由懂得法律知识的书记员和助手给他们提供法律规定和程序方面的建议。治安法庭审察时没有陪审团。Youth Court which try most cases involving people under 18.青少年法庭,负责审理18岁以下青年的大多数案件。The Crown Court tries the most serious offences and either way offences referred to it by magistrates. The Crown Court is presided over by High Court judges, full-t
13、ime circuit Judges and part-time Recorders England and Wales are divided into six circuits for the purpose of hearing criminal case. Each circuit is divided into areas containing one or more centers of High Court and Crown Court.皇家刑事法庭。负责审理最严重的罪行和由地方法官提交的任意方式罪行。皇家刑事法庭由高级法院法官,全职巡回法官和兼任刑事法官主持。为审理刑事案,英
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