怎样成为一名卓越的财务分析师HowtoBeaGreatFinancialAnalystrar.doc
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1、How to Be a Great Financial Analyst怎样成为一名卓越的财务分析师It takes seven key skills and a new way of thinking.七个关键技能和一种新的思考方式B Y S T E V E S P I E C H , C M A , C F MEvery company has employees who analyze its financial data and enhance its decision support process by providing their insights and analyses to
2、 management. In some companies the CFO, controller, or accounting staff performs this function in addition to their regular responsibilities. In other companies the process is more formal, with financial analysts, cost accountants, and even whole departments dedicated to this function. No matter whi
3、ch way its done, effective financial analysis is really more a way of thinking than a series of steps or processes.每一家公司都有分析其财务数据的雇员,并且通过提供他们对管理的洞察和分析来增强其决策支持流程。在某些公司CFO、主计长或者其他会计部门职员在他们的常规职责之外承担了这项职能。在其他公司这一流程更为正式,会有财务分析师、成本会计师甚至是整个部门专门致力于这项职能。无论以何种方式去做,有效的财务分析更多的是一种思考方式而不是一连串的步骤或程序。Financial profe
4、ssionals who are effective at financial analysis can add value to their companies and excel in their careers. Good analysts identify cost-savings ideas, revenue growth opportunities, and strategies for productivity improvements. Even people who work with financial data but dont do regular analysis (
5、general ledger, accounts payable, financial systems staff) can benefit by building an analytic approach into the way they perform their jobs.专长于财务分析的财务专业人士能够增加他们所服务的公司的价值以及在他们的职业生涯中傲视群伦。优秀的分析师识别出成本节约的主意、收入增长的机会和生产力提高的战略。即使那些与财务数据打交道但并不做常规分析的人(总账、应付帐款、财务系统员工)也能够通过在他们完成工作的方式中构建一种分析性的方法而从中受益。People who
6、 are great financial analysts exhibit several key qualitiesqualities we strive to develop in WellPoint, Inc.s Central Region. Billions of dollars in health insurance premiums and medical expenses are realized every year in the Central Region, and its my departments job to forecast and analyze this f
7、inancial data and other statistics. We work with the leadership of the Central Region to help them meet their strategic objectives.卓越的财务分析师身上体现了几个关键的品质我们努力在WellPoint, Inc.的中区所发展的品质。中区每年实现数以十亿美元的健康保险保费和医疗支出,我的部门的工作就是预测和分析这一财务数据和其他统计数据。我们与中区的领导层共事以帮助他们完成其战略目标。First, lets address what it takes to be a
8、good financial analyst. Then well discuss what it takes to be a great one.首先,让我们谈谈成为一名优秀的财务分析师需要什么。然后我们将讨论成为一名卓越的财务分析师需要什么。GOOD FINANCIAL ANALYSTS优秀的财务分析师The seven qualities of a good financial analyst are listed below. Read through their descriptions and think deeply about whether you possess them.
9、 Then fill out Table 1 to see where you stand.一名优秀的财务分析师的七个品质列示在下面。通读它们的描述并深思你是否拥有它们。然后填写表格1以了解你自身的情况。1. Understand the concept of materiality. 理解重要性概念Good financial analysts can draw conclusions with incomplete information and have a feelan educated gut feel, perhapsfor when information is relevant
10、 and when it isnt. In some cases the information is measurable, like the dollar magnitude of a transaction or the level of a variance percentage to budget. In others its more intangible, like knowing the amount of detail to present to an accounting manager vs. the CFO. One of my financial analysts e
11、xplained it as the concept of cost vs. benefit: the concept of knowing when you have reached a point where spending more time on an analysis wont provide enough benefit to continue.优秀的财务分析师能够以不完整的信息和一种感觉一种经过训练的直觉(gut reaction/feeling/instinct informal a reaction or feeling that you are sure is right
12、, although you cannot give a reason for it)信息何时相关以及何时不相关的感觉来得出结论。在某些情况下信息是可以衡量的,如一笔交易的金额大小或者预算偏差百分比的水平。在其他情况下信息更为无形,如当前一名财务经理vs.CFO的所知的细节的程度。我的一名财务分析师把它解释为成本vs.收益的概念:知道什么时候你已经达到了在一个分析上花更多时间将不会提供足够的收益以继续的程度的概念。Accountants and computer programmers sometimes have a hard time making the transition to fi
13、nancial analysis jobs because of their focus on numbers and order. A standard question I ask during a job interview is “What does materiality mean to you?” The applicants who tell me it means doing whatever it takes to get something to tie to the penny usually dont get a second interview.会计人员和计算机编程人
14、员有时在转职为财务分析师时会有一段艰难的时光,因为他们对数字和顺序的关注。一个我在招聘面试时会问的标准问题是“重要性对你意味着什么?”告诉我其意味着尽其所能来斤斤计较的应聘者通常不会得到第二次面试。2. Are good at using spreadsheets and databases to analyze information. 善于使用电子表格和数据库来分析信息Good financial analysts know how to apply the tools available in spreadsheets and databases to pull together dis
15、parate data, solve problems, and present information to management. Experience with using all of the features of these tools isnt as important as an awareness of them and knowing when to use them, though a strong understanding of pivot tables and query design will go a long way. Further, its importa
16、nt to know the needs and personal style of the individual(s) for whom the work is being done. Some managers prefer information in a visual format like graphs, while others like it all laid out for them in detailed financial tables. Ultimately, its all about turning data into conclusions.优秀的财务分析师知道如何
17、应用电子表格和数据库提供的工具来凝聚不相干(disparate formal consisting of things or people that are very different and not related to each other)数据、解决问题以及向管理层演示信息。全方位的使用这些工具的经验不如知道它们以及何时使用它们的意识重要,尽管一个对数据透视表和查询设计的牢固理解会很有用。还有,知道将向其报告工作的个人(们)的需要和个人风格是很重要的。某些管理者更喜欢信息以一种视觉形式如图形显示,而另一些喜欢下属为他们把所有的信息列示于明细财务表格中。最终,都是关于把数据转为结论。In
18、 my department at WellPoint we developed a Technical Skills Assessment that each analyst uses to assess their level of ability in Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Access, and other tools. These Assessments help me work with my staff to identify opportunities for their development and also give us a refere
19、nce tool for locating experts in the features of each tool.在WellPoint我的部门开发了一个“技术技能评估”,每一名分析师都用它来评估他们Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Access和其他工具的能力水平。这些评估帮助我和我的职员一起来识别他们的发展机会,同时也给了我们一个按每种工具的特性来配置专家的参考工具。3. Understand management accounting concepts and apply them to their business. 理解管理会计概念并学以致用We all lea
20、rned many valuable concepts in our undergraduate and MBA courses, but most financial analysts dont utilize them fully in their jobs. Good financial analysts remember these concepts and are able to apply them. For example, analysts responsible for departmental budgets are skilled at using variance an
21、alyses and activity-based costing (ABC) techniques. Those in capital intensive industries are skilled at applying return on investment and breakeven analyses. And those developing growth strategies will use contribution margin and incremental costing analyses.我们都在本科和MBA课程中学到了许多有价值的概念,但是多数财务分析师没有在工作中
22、完全利用(utilize formal to use something for a particular purpose)它们。优秀的财务分析师记得这些概念并且能够应用它们。例如,负责部门预算的分析师长于运用偏差分析和基于作业的成本(ABC)技能。那些资本密集行业的分析师长于应用投资回报和盈亏平衡分析。而那些开发增长战略的分析师会运用边际贡献和增量成本分析。Statistical methods are also often untapped, mostly because we tend to forget them after completing our degrees. Good f
23、inancial analysts find ways to use statistics to locate patterns in their data.统计方法通常也未被利用,主要地是因为我们倾向于在完成学位之后就忘记它们。优秀的财务分析师找得到运用统计来定位数据样式的方法。Obviously, a great way to develop these skills is to become a Certified Management Accountant (CMA) and/or Certified Financial Manager (CFM). Preparing for the
24、 exams refreshes your knowledge and lets you practice in areas where you may feel rusty, and earning the actual certification demonstrates your excellence.明显地,发展这些技能的一条康庄大道就是成为一名注册管理会计师(CMA)和/或注册财务管理师(CFM)。考试准备更新了你的知识并且让你在可能荒废的(rusty if you are rusty, you are not as good at something as you used to
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