高考英语动词时态语态基础.ppt
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1、动词时态、语态,LECTURER:Xiaonan,一、学习目标 时态的分类 一共分16种时态: 一般现在时/过去时/将来时/过去将来时, 现在/过去/将来 /过去将来进行时, 现在/过去/将来/过去将来完成时, 现在/过去/将来/过去将来完成进行时.,用法 (一). 一般现在时 1. 表示经常性或习惯性的动作 Do you go to school on Saturdays? As soon as he earns any money, he spends it. 2. 现在的特征或状态 He loves swimming in the lake. 3. 真理 The moon moves a
2、round the earth. 4. 代替将来时 What time does the train leave to Shanghai? Is there anything interesting on TV tonight? Our holidays begin in a week.,*只限于少数动词: begin, start, come, go, leave, sail, arrive, return, end, stop, depart, open, close, be(其中大部分是瞬间动词, 句中往往有表示将来的时间状语) *另外, 在时间或条件从句中常用一般现在时表示将来(主将从
3、现), 对以when或if等开始的名词性从句或定语从句不适合. Once the rain stops, we will leave. I will wait here until they come. I dont know when he will come. The question is when well start tomorrow. There will come a day when the people of the whole country will live a happy life.,5. 在电影说明或剧情介绍中, 新闻标题或小说章节题目中, 电视解说词, 舞台动作说
4、明中用一般现在时. 6. 表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态. Here comes the bus! There goes the bell!,(二). 一般过去时 1.叙述过去的习惯动作,表示过去的时间状语连用, yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, just now, once upon a time, on the first of May, in 1980, before liberation, in the old days, when I was at middle school- He took me to the
5、movies twice a week when I was young. 2. 如果一个句子里含有一个由when引导的状语从句, 而且和主句一样都是过去时的动词, when从句里的动作是先发生的. When she heard the strange sound, she got up to check.,(三). 现在进行时 1. 表示正在进行的动作,或现阶段正在进行的动作 The population is increasing very fast. *2. 表示”逐渐”等含义: 有一些词的现在进行时表示的是”逐渐”, “越来越” 一般不和时间状语连用.这些词包括: get, grow,
6、 become, turn, run, go(变成), begin, forget, remember, die, finish. She is growing to be more like her mother. Youd better come in. it is beginning to rain. Im finishing my supper.,3. be going to do表示在说话之前主语自己已经决定的计划, 不能用于说话时的临时决定. How long are you going to stay there? He is going to be a doctor when
7、he grows up. *有时还表示说话者根据现在的现象”预测”不久即将发生的事情. Look at the black clouds. Its going to rain. Shes going to have a baby. The work is going to be more difficult than we expected.,4. 进行时通常表示持续动词,如果是瞬间动词,则表示 (1)即将 (2)重复的动作. The train is arriving. She is nodding. He is jumping up and down.,(四). 现在完成时 1. 叙述过去
8、已经做过的事情或已经有过的经验, 对现在造成一定的影响. I have washed the car. Sunny hasnt come back yet. I havent seen him for a long time. Look what you have done. Have you had your supper?,2. 叙述从过去开始一直继续到现在的情况, 一般有表示“一段时间”的词: for, since, all morning, all day, all the time, always, lately, recently, up till now, so far, by
9、now, Ive been here for 10 years. The old man has had the stamp since he was a child.,3. 现在完成时还可以用在表示时间或条件的状语从句中, 表示将来某时已经完成的动作. I will go to the movies as soon as I have finished my homework. We will go outside if it has stopped raining by then. *瞬间动词的肯定式表示已经做了,不与for 或since 连用表示多久, 但是否定式可以. He has l
10、eft home a month ago. (X) He left home a month ago. It is a month since he left home.,(五). 过去完成时 表示 “过去的过去” By 1914 Einstein had gained world fame. 在包含when, as soon as, before, after, until, now that等连词的复合句中, 如果主句谓语和从句谓语表示的过去动作是不同时间发生的, 那么先发生的动作通常用过去完成时. She didnt go to bed until she had finished th
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