范文——翻译材料不少于5000汉字.doc
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1、山东理工大学英-中文翻译材料英文题目: Brief Introduction to .NET 中文题目: .NET简介 学 院: 计算机科学与技术 专 业: 软件工程 学生姓名: 米东文 指导教师: 刘秋香 二O一五年六月英文资料Brief Introduction to .NETThe .NET FrameworkThe .NET Framework is a multi-language environment for building, deploying, and running XML Web services and applications. It consists of thr
2、ee main parts: Common Language RuntimeDespite its name, the runtime actually has a role in both a components runtime and development time experiences. While the component is running, the runtime is responsible for managing memory allocation, starting up and stopping threads and processes, and enforc
3、ing security policy, as well as satisfying any dependencies that the component might have on other components. At development time, the runtimes role changes slightly; because it automates so much (for example, memory management), the runtime makes the developers experience very simple, especially w
4、hen compared to COM as it is today. In particular, features such as reflection dramatically reduce the amount of code a developer must write in order to turn business logic into a reusable component. Unified programming classesThe framework provides developers with a unified, object-oriented, hierar
5、chical, and extensible set of class libraries (APIs). Currently, C+ developers use the Microsoft Foundation Classes and Java developers use the Windows Foundation Classes. The framework unifies these disparate models and gives Visual Basic and JScript programmers access to class libraries as well. B
6、y creating a common set of APIs across all programming languages, the common language runtime enables cross-language inheritance, error handling, and debugging. All programming languages, from JScript to C+, have similar access to the framework and developers are free to choose the language that the
7、y want to use. ASP.NETASP.NET builds on the programming classes of the .NET Framework, providing a Web application model with a set of controls and infrastructure that make it simple to build ASP Web applications. ASP.NET includes a set of controls that encapsulate common HTML user interface element
8、s, such as text boxes and drop-down menus. These controls run on the Web server, however, and push their user interface as HTML to the browser. On the server, the controls expose an object-oriented programming model that brings the richness of object-oriented programming to the Web developer. ASP.NE
9、T also provides infrastructure services, such as session state management and process recycling, which further reduce the amount of code a developer must write and increase application reliability. In addition, ASP.NET uses these same concepts to enable developers to deliver software as a service. U
10、sing XML Web services features, ASP.NET developers can write their business logic and use the ASP.NET infrastructure to deliver that service via SOAP.DATA CONNECTIONIntroductionThe top of the stack is the API or object library layer. Applications connect to Microsoft SQL Server through either API fu
11、nctions or interfaces exposed by an object library. Examples of APIs used to access SQL Server include ODBC and DB-Library. Examples of object libraries used to access SQL Server include OLE DB, ADO, and ADO.NET. Because ADO ultimately uses OLE DB to communicate with the server, there are really jus
12、t two object libraries commonly used by Windows applications to communicate with SQL Server: OLE DB and ADO.NET. Connecting through ADO or ADO.NET is certainly more common than doing so over ODBC (although SQL Servers Query Analyzer and Enterprise Manager Still connect over ODBC), so Ill discuss the
13、 client-side of SQL Servers connection architecture in terms of ADO/OLE DB and ADO.NET. Most apps these days get to SQL Server by way of an object library rather than ODBC or something similar.ADO and OLE DBOLE DB clients (also known as consumers) communicate with servers and other back-ends by mean
14、s of a client-side provider. This provider is a set of one or more COM components that translate application requests into network interposes communication (IPC) requests. In the case of SQL Server, the OLE DB provider that is most commonly used is SQLOLEDB, the Microsoft-provided OLE DB provider fo
15、r SQL Server. SQLOLEDB comes with SQL Server and is installed as part of the Microsoft Data Access Components (MDAC) stack.Applications that communicate with SQL Server using ADO do so by first establishing a connection to the server using a Connection object. ADOs Connection object accepts a connec
16、tion string that specifies the OLE DB provider to be used as well as the parameters to pass to it. Youll see SQLOLEDB in this string if an app is connecting to SQL Server using the SQLOLEDB provider.Its also possible for an ADO application to connect over ODBC to SQL Server. To do this, the app uses
17、 the OLE DB provider for ODBC and specifies an ODBC data source that references the target SQL Server in its connection string. In this scenario, the application communicates with OLE DB, and the OLE DB provider for ODBC makes the appropriate ODBC API calls to talk to SQL Server. ADO.NETADO.NET appl
18、ications typically connect to SQL Server using the .NET Framework Data Provider for SQL Server. This native provider allows ADO.NET objects to communicate directly with SQL Server. Typically, an application uses a SqlConnection object to establish a connection, and then uses a SqlCommand object to s
19、end commands to the server and receive results back from it. The SqlDataAdapter and SqlDataReader classes are typically used in conjunction with SqlCommand to interact with SQL Server from managed code applications.By making use of the OleDbConnection class, ADO.NET applications can also use the SQL
20、OLEDB OLE DB provider to interact with SQL Server. And they can access SQL Server by way of ODBC through the OdbcConnection class. So, from managed code alone, you have three distinct ways of accessing SQL Server from an application. This is good to know from a troubleshooting standpoint because it
21、can help you isolate connection-related problems you encounter to a particular data access layer or library.Client-Side Net-LibrariesThe next layer down in the stack is the Net-Library. A Net-Library provides the conduit between the API or object library an application uses to communicate with SQL S
22、erver and the networking protocols used to exchange data with the network. SQL Server provides Net-Libraries for all major networking protocols. These libraries transparently handle sending requests from the client to the SQL Server and returning the servers responses to the client. You can configur
23、e which Net-Libraries are available on a particular client using SQL Servers Client Network Utility. Supported client-side protocols include TCP/IP, Named Pipes, Multiprotocol (RPC), and a few others. One Net-Library thats worth special mention here is the shared memory Net-Library. As the name sugg
24、ests, this Net-Library uses Windows shared memory facility to communicate between a SQL Server client and server. Naturally, this means that the client and server must reside on the same physical machine. Because it is able to bypass the physical network stack, the shared memory Net-Library can be c
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