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1、基督教艺术欣赏,旧约全书的圣像艺术,In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. The earth was without form and void, and darkness was upon the face of the deep; and the Spirit of God was moving over the face of the waters. And God said, “Let there be light”; and there was light. “ And God saw that the lig
2、ht was good; and God separated the light from the darkness. God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And there was evening and there was morning, one day.,God Created The World 创世纪,Then the LORD God said, “Behold, the man has become like one of us, knowing good and evil; and now,
3、lest he put forth his hand and take also of the tree of life, and eat, and live for ever“ - therefore the LORD God sent him forth from the garden of Eden, to till the ground from which he was taken. He drove out the man; and at the east of the garden of Eden he placed the cherubim, and a flaming swo
4、rd which turned every way, to guard the way to the tree of life.,Adam And Eve Expelled From The Garden失乐园,Cain said to Abel his brother, “Let us go out to the field.“ And when they were in the field, Cain rose up against his brother Abel, and killed him. Then the LORD said to Cain, “Where is Abel yo
5、ur brother?“ He said, “I do not know; am I my brothers keeper?“ And the LORD said, “What have you done? The voice of your brothers blood is crying to me from the ground.“,Cain And Abel该因与亚伯,And the waters prevailed so mightily upon the earth that all the high mountains under the whole heaven were co
6、vered; the waters prevailed above the mountains, covering them fifteen cubits deep. And all flesh died that moved upon the earth, birds, cattle, beasts, all swarming creatures that swarm upon the earth, and every man; everything on the dry land in whose nostrils was the breath of life died. He blott
7、ed out every living thing that was upon the face of the ground, man and animals and creeping things and birds of the air; they were blotted out from the earth. Only Noah was left, and those that were with him in the ark. And the waters prevailed upon the earth a hundred and fifty days.,The Flood大洪水,
8、Then they said, “Come, let us build ourselves a city, and a tower with its top in the heavens, and let us make a name for ourselves, lest we be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth.“ And the LORD came down to see the city and the tower, which the sons of men had built. And the LORD said
9、, “Behold, they are one people, and they have all one language; and this is only the beginning of what they will do; and nothing that they propose to do will now be impossible for them. Come, let us go down, and there confuse their language, that they may not understand one anothers speech.“,The Tow
10、er Of Babel 巴别塔,Then they sat down to eat; and looking up they saw a caravan of Ishmaelites coming from Gilead, with their camels bearing gum, balm, and myrrh, on their way to carry it down to Egypt. Then Judah said to his brothers, “What profit is it if we slay our brother and conceal his blood? Co
11、me, let us sell him to the Ishmaelites, and let not our hand be upon him, for he is our brother, our own flesh.“ And his brothers heeded him.,Joseph Is Sold Into Slavery By His Brothers约瑟被兄弟出卖,So Joseph said to his brothers, “Come near to me, I pray you.“ And they came near. And he said, “I am your
12、brother, Joseph, whom you sold into Egypt. And now do not be distressed, or angry with yourselves, because you sold me here; for God sent me before you to preserve life. For the famine has been in the land these two years; and there are yet five years in which there will be neither plowing nor harve
13、st. And God sent me before you to preserve for you a remnant on earth, and to keep alive for you many survivors.“,Joseph Reveals Himself To His Brothers约瑟现真相于兄弟,Now a man from the house of Levi went and took to wife a daughter of Levi. The woman conceived and bore a son; and when she saw that he was
14、 a goodly child, she hid him three months. And when she could hide him no longer she took for him a basket made of bulrushes, and daubed it with bitumen and pitch; and she put the child in it and placed it among the reeds at the rivers brink. And his sister stood at a distance, to know what would be
15、 done to him. Now the daughter of Pharaoh came down to bathe at the river, and her maidens walked beside the river; she saw the basket among the reeds and sent her maid to fetch it.,Moses Is Found In The Nile River摩西被救尼罗河,When Moses came down from Mount Sinai, with the two tables of the testimony in
16、 his hand as he came down from the mountain, Moses did not know that the skin of his face shone because he had been talking with God. And when Aaron and all the people of Israel saw Moses, behold, the skin of his face shone, and they were afraid to come near him. But Moses called to them; and Aaron
17、and all the leaders of the congregation returned to him, and Moses talked with them.,Moses Comes Down Mt. Sinai With The Ten Commandments摩西十戒,Then Samson called to the LORD and said, “O Lord GOD, remember me, I pray thee, and strengthen me, I pray thee, only this once, O God, that I may be avenged u
18、pon the Philistines for one of my two eyes.“ And Samson grasped the two middle pillars upon which the house rested, and he leaned his weight upon them, his right hand on the one and his left hand on the other. And Samson said, “Let me die with the Philistines.“ Then he bowed with all his might; and
19、the house fell upon the lords and upon all the people that were in it. So the dead whom he slew at his death were more than those whom he had slain during his life.,Samson Destroys The Temple参孙毁圣殿,When the Philistine arose and came and drew near to meet David, David ran quickly toward the battle lin
20、e to meet the Philistine. And David put his hand in his bag and took out a stone, and slung it, and struck the Philistine on his forehead; the stone sank into his forehead, and he fell on his face to the ground. So David prevailed over the Philistine with a sling and with a stone, and struck the Phi
21、listine, and killed him; there was no sword in the hand of David. Then David ran and stood over the Philistine, and took his sword and drew it out of its sheath, and killed him, and cut off his head with it. When the Philistines saw that their champion was dead, they fled.,David Is Triumphant Over G
22、oliath大卫力杀哥利亚,When they had crossed, Elijah said to Elisha, “Ask what I shall do for you, before I am taken from you.“ And Elisha said, “I pray you, let me inherit a double share of your spirit.“ And he said, “You have asked a hard thing; yet, if you see me as I am being taken from you, it shall be
23、so for you; but if you do not see me, it shall not be so.“ And as they still went on and talked, behold, a chariot of fire and horses of fire separated the two of them. And Elijah went up by a whirlwind into heaven. And Elisha saw it and he cried, “My father, my father! the chariots of Israel and it
24、s horsemen!“ And he saw him no more. Then he took hold of his own clothes and rent them in two pieces.,Elias Is Taken Up To Heaven In A Fiery Chariot,Now when Jobs three friends heard of all this evil that had come upon him, they came each from his own place, Eliphaz the Temanite, Bildad the Shuhite
25、, and Zophar the Naamathite. They made an appointment together to come to condole with him and comfort him. And when they saw him from afar, they did not recognize him; and they raised their voices and wept; and they rent their robes and sprinkled dust upon their heads toward heaven. And they sat wi
26、th him on the ground seven days and seven nights, and no one spoke a word to him, for they saw that his suffering was very great.,Job Is Comforted By His Friends,But these men insisted. “Keep in mind, O king,“ they said, “that under the Mede and Persian law every royal prohibition or decree is irrev
27、ocable.“ So the king ordered Daniel to be brought and cast into the lions den. To Daniel he said, “May your God, whom you serve so constantly, save you.“ To forestall any tampering, the king sealed with his own ring and the rings of the lords the stone that had been brought to block the opening of t
28、he den.,Daniel Tames The Lions,Old Testament- Genesis,Creation in Chinese eyes 中国人眼中的上帝创世纪,Creation in the western eyes 西方人眼中的创世纪,Michelangelos Creation,Michelangelos Creation,Adam and Eve Oil on wood, 212 x 85 cm (each panel) Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence,BALDUNG GRIEN, Hans,Eve, the Serpent, and
29、 Death 1510-12 Panel National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa,BALDUNG GRIEN, Hans,Eve 1524 Wood, 208 x 83,5 cm Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest,BALDUNG GRIEN, Hans,The Fall of Adam and Eve 1400-10 Istrian stone, life-size Palazzo Ducale, Venice,BON, Giovanni,Grief: Adam and Abel Leon J.F. Bonnat (French 1834
30、-1923) Brown inkand pencil,The Tower of Babel,Joseph and his Brethren Oil on canvas, 109 x 145 cm Museo del Prado, Madrid,CASTILLO, Antonio del (b. 1616, Cordoba, d. 1668, Cordoba),Joseph in Egypt 1515-18 Oil on wood, 96 x 109 cm National Gallery, London,PONTORMO, Jacopo(b. 1494, Pontormo, d. 1557,
31、Firenze),Joseph and Potiphars Wife,c. 1622-23 Oil on canvas 2.318m by 1.949m Fogg Art Museum, Cambridge, Mass. This scene on the popular Joseph motif has been attributed to Artemisia Gentileschi because of stylistic features - the tucked and creased bed sheets and the unruly hair style and clothes o
32、f Potiphars wife. Later opinions refuted the claim because of the inferior quality of the dynamic post and anatomical representation of Joseph. Paolo Finoglio is considered as the most probable author.,Joseph and Potiphars Wife,Moses is the prophet, whom God entrusted to save the Hebrews from slaver
33、y in Egypt. Many years have passed after Joseph invited his people to Egypt. During this time they gradually became slaves. Moses was born in Egypt. The Pharaoh found out about the birth of a Hebrew savior and ordered the massacre of all newly born Jewish babies. Moses mother saved him, by putting h
34、im in a basket, which she floated down the Nile.,Old Testament- Exodus,Moses,The Pharaohs daughter found him and brought him to the palace. Josephus Phlavius in his Antiquitatis Judaicae, tells that the Pharaohs daughter presented the child to her father. The Pharaoh, playing with him, placed his cr
35、own on the babys head. Moses threw the crown to the ground, so that it broke. The high priest, recognized the boy as the one who had been prophesied to overthrow the Pharaoh, and rushed to kill him. But the appeal of women saved Moses. Moses was raised in the palace as an Egyptian prince. (Ex.2:3-10
36、),William Hogarth. Moses Brought to Pharoahs Daughter. 1746. Oil on canvas. Thomas Coram Foundation for Children, London, UK.,Nicolas Poussin. Pharaohs Daughter Finds Baby Moses. 1638. Oil on canvas. Louvre, Paris, France.,Nicolas Poussin. Baby Moses Trampling on the Pharaohs Crown. 1645. Oil on can
37、vas. Duke of Bedford collection, Woburn Abbey.,Nicolas Poussin. The Baby Moses Saved from the River. 1647. Oil on canvas. Louvre, Paris, France.,Nicolas Poussin. Baby Moses Saved from River. 1651. Oil on canvas. National Museum of Wales, Cardiff, UK.,Nicolas Poussin. Baby Moses Saved from the River.
38、 1654. Oil on canvas. Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, UK.,When he grew up Moses found out that he was a Jew, and he tried to defend his people. He killed an Egyptian, though unintentionally, but had to flee into the desert. He was taken into the house of Jethro and became his son-in-law. While Moses was g
39、uarding the flock God came to him as a Burning Bush and ordered him to return to Egypt and save his people. The first thing to become a leader of Israelites was to convince his own people that he was chosen by God. Moses elder brother, Aaron, came to his side and convinced the people that God had se
40、nt them a deliverer. Though not only the words of Aaron convinced the people, they were supported by some miracles: thus, Moses, by Gods sign, turned Aarons staff into a serpent and back. See: Nicolas Poussin. Moses Turning the Aarons Staff into a Serpent.,Nicolas Poussin. Moses Turning the Aarons S
41、taff into a Serpent. 1647. Oil on canvas. Louvre, Paris, France.,Moses came to Pharaoh and asked him to let his people go. The Pharaoh refused and God sent different punishments to the people of Egypt, known as the Ten Plagues of Egypt (Ex. 12:3-11). Egypt suffered severely, and the Pharaoh let them
42、 free. The Jews left Egypt in Exodus, crossing the Red Sea, which had divided by Moses plea and Gods will. Moses led his people; when it was intolerably difficult Moses asked for Gods help and He always helped: gave manna for food and fresh water from the rock to drink (Exodus 17:3-7). Dieric Bouts
43、the Elder Gathering Manna. Nicolas Poussin. Gathering of Manna, Moses Striking the Rock for Water.,Dieric Bouts the Elder. Gathering Manna (from the Eucharist Altar). c. 1464-1468. Oil on oak. Sankt Peter, Louvain, Belgium.,Nicolas Poussin. Gathering of Manna. 1640s. Oil on canvas. Louvre, Paris, Fr
44、ance.,Nicolas Poussin. Moses Striking the Rock for Water. 1649. Oil on canvas. The Hermitage, St. Petersburg, Russia.,God also made himself known to Moses on the summit of Mount Sinai and spoke to him, and instructed him for a long time (Ex.19-31). “When Lord had finished speaking with Moses on Moun
45、t sinai, the Lord gave him the two tablets of the Testimony, stone tablets written with the finger of God.“ (Exodus 31:18) The people, however, had again rebelled and made a golden calf, and prayed to it. (Ex. 32:1-6). God wanted to put an end to these stubborn people and start a great nation from M
46、oses, but Moses pleaded Him not to do this. As Moses “ approached the camp, he saw the bull-calf and the dancing, and in a burst of anger he flung down the tablets and shattered them at the foot of the mountain.“ (Exodus 32:19). Then Moses “took the calf they had made and burnt it; he ground it to p
47、owder, sprinkled it on water, and made the Israeites drink it.“ (Exodus 32:20) Rembrandt Moses Smashing the Tables of the Law.,Rembrandt. Moses Smashing the Tables of the Law. 1659. Oil on canvas. Gemldegalerie, Berlin, Germany.,God tired of peoples constant complaints and improper behavior sent on
48、them numerous poisonous snakes. Moses prayed for his people, then on His command made a serpent of brass, which he fixed to the top of the shaft. All those who gazed on it were safe from the snake venom. See: Botticelli Scenes from the Life of Moses. Giorgione Moses Trial by Fire. Michelangelo Moses
49、. Anthony van Dyck Moses and the Serpent. Mikhail Vrubel. Moses.,Alessandro Botticelli. Scenes from the Life of Moses. 1481-1482. Fresco. Sistine Chapel, Rome, Italy.,Giorgione. Moses Trial by Fire. 1495-1496. Oil on paneel. Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence, Italy.,Michelangelo. Moses. c.1513-1516. Marble. San Pietro in Vincoli, Rome, Italy.,Moses and the Serpent. 1621. Oil on canvas. Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain.,Anthony van Dyck,Moses. 1884. Church of St. Cyril, Kiev, Ukraine.,Mikhail Vrubel.,FROMENT, Nicolas (b. ca. 14
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