哈佛公开课幸福课-premises.ppt
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1、1504: Basic Premises,The Premises,Bridge building Vs. Division and separation Change is possible Vs. Change is illusive Internal factors primarily determine happiness Vs. Happiness is primarily a function of external circumstances Human nature must be obeyed Vs. Human nature must be perfected Happin
2、ess is and ought to be the ultimate end Vs. Happiness should be a secondary pursuit,PREMISE 1: Bridge building VS. Division and separation,Bridging Ivory Tower and Main Street,“The careful shielding of a university from the activities of the world around us is the best way to chill interest and to d
3、efeat progress. Celibacy does not suit a university. It must mate itself with action.” Alfred North Whitehead,The Need for Practical Idealists,The desire to make a difference False stereotypes Generous Harvardians Generous Americans Influential positions Goodwill and idealism necessary but not suffi
4、cient,Psychology Can Help,Applied research in the classroom for increasing self-esteem bridging mind and body in conflict resolution Taking research seriously Taking responsibility!,PREMISE 2: Change is possible VS. Change is illusive,“It may be that trying to be happier is as futile as trying to be
5、 taller and is therefore counterproductive.” Lykken and Tellegan (1996),Minnesota Twin Studies,Change is Possible,Counter evidence: People do change Error of the average Exception proves the rule Detrimental research Studying the best,Growing-Tip Statistics,“What this kind of research design means i
6、s a change in our conception of statistics, and especially of sampling theory. What I am frankly espousing here is what I have been calling growing-tip statistics, taking my title from the fact that it is at the growing tip of a plant that the greatest genetic action takes place.” Abraham Maslow,“If
7、 we want to know how fast a human being can run, then it is no use to average out the speed of a good sample of the population; it is far better to collect Olympic gold medal winners and see how well they can do. If we want to know the possibilities for spiritual growth, value growth, or moral devel
8、opment in human beings, then I maintain that we can learn most by studying our most moral, ethical, or saintly people. On the whole I think it is fair to say that human history is a record of the ways in which human nature has been sold short. The highest possibilities of human nature have practical
9、ly always been underrated Certainly it seems more and more clear that what we call normal in psychology is really a psychopathology of the average, so undramatic and so widely spread that we dont even notice it ordinarily.”,Growing-Tip Statistics,Elitist? Doesnt exclude studying the average Everyone
10、 benefits Study of resilience Study of meditation Study of relationships Study of teaching,Studying Our Personal Best,Describe or prescribe,“Few in number though they be, we can learn a great deal about values from the direct study of these highly evolved, most mature, psychologically healthiest ind
11、ividuals, and from the study of the peak moments of average individuals, moments in which they become transiently self-actualized.” Abraham Maslow,Changing the World?,The Cambridge-Somerville Youth Study A five year intervention Twice-a-month caseworkers visit Academic tutoring Psychiatric attention
12、 Boy Scouts, YMCA, etc.,Measuring Outcome,Random assignment 40 year followup Shocking results No difference in juvenile offenses No difference in adult offenses No difference on health, mortality, wellbeing Significant difference on alcoholism and job status, IN THE “WRONG” DIRECTION,Is Societal Cha
13、nge Possible?,Exception proves the rule Practical idealists unite!,“What I am suggesting is Manhattan-Project-type attacks upon what I consider to be the truly Big Problem of our time, not only for psychology but for all human beings with any sense of historical urgency.” Abraham Maslow,The Power of
14、 One,Human networks as exponential,“All history is a record of the power of minorities, and of minorities of one.” Ralph Waldo Emerson,“Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has.” Margaret Mead,Exponential Growth
15、,We underestimate our capacity to effect change because we underestimate the growth of an exponential function.,PREMISE 3: Internal factors primarily determine happiness VS. Happiness is primarily a function of external circumstances,Subjective Well-Being Research,Affective forecasting (Dan Gilbert)
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