翻译lectures.ppt
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1、,By Zhang Xiaobo,Practical,Functional Translation Course,2,Translation is as old as a language itself , probably starting from thousands years ago . It has been used as an indispensable means of mediation , a useful aid to preaching and teaching , and to the social and culture , and commercial excha
2、nges and mutual understanding between different peoples and different countries . It has become part of human life.,3,The translators role is felt everywhere : not only in literature but also in such areas as science and technology , administration , foreign trade , cultural activities and tourism;
3、not only in a particular country when translation or the oral form of it is called for , but also in such international bodies as the UN and the EEC where the translating and interpreting is part of routine work .,4,1) Why do we need to study translation ? 2) What is the nature of translation ? 3) W
4、hat are the criteria for adequate and acceptable translation? 4) What are the problems which a translator ought to be able to recognize and resolve in order to produce a satisfactory translation?,5,The 21th century has been called “ the age of translation” , with rapid increase of economic contact a
5、nd cultural exchange between peoples , the significance of translation has been recognized by more attached to the study of translation theories and practice.,6,翻译的信度:可译性与不可译的文化探索,7,一名之立,旬月踌躇。- 严复,英语遍世界,翻译是桥梁。-周恩来,8,1).密碼 (f) secret code (r) password 2)拳头产品 (f)fist product (r) knockout product 3) 救火
6、 (f) to save fire (r) to fight fire,4)初恋 (f)early love (r) puppy love 5)青春痘 (f)youth spot (r) whelk 6)隐形眼镜 (f)invisible glasses (r) contact lenses,9,No admittance! (one- member sentence.) 闲人免入(SV) It rains cats and dogs. (s.v.o) 大雨滂沱。 Where there is a will, there is a way. (complex) 有志者事竟成。 It s an
7、ill wind that blows nobody good.(complex) 对于某些人有害的事可能对于另外一些人有利,10,世上只有神仙好,惟有功名忘不了. Men all know that salvation should be won. But the ambition wont have done, have done To train for a saint we know is best, But lone of fame distracts our nnnd All men spiritual life known to be good, But fame to disr
8、egard to neer succeed! They all know the freedom of the immortals, But Reward and Fame they cannot forget,11,子曰:“学而时习之,不亦说乎?有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎?人不知而不愠,不亦君子乎?”,12,The Master said,“Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseverance and application ?Is it pleasant to have friends coming from distant quar
9、ter? Is he not a man of complete virtue, who feels no discomposure though men may take no note of him?”,Confucius remarked, “It is indeed a pleasure to acquire knowledge and, as you go on acquiring, to put into practice what you have acquired. A greater pleasure still it is when friends of congenial
10、 minds come from afar to seek you because of your attainments. But he is truly a wise and good man who feels no discomposure even when he is not noticed of men.”,13,傅雷: 1)以效果而论,翻译应当象临画一样,所求的不在形似而在神似。 2)即使是最优秀的译文,其韵味较之原文原仍不免过或不及。翻译时只能尽量缩短这个距离,过则求其勿太过,不及则求其勿过于不及。,严复: 信、达、雅。,14,钱钟书: 文学翻译的最高标准是“化”。把作品从一
11、国文字转变成另一国文字,既能不因语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹,又能完全保存原有的风味,那就算得入于“化境”。十七世纪有人赞美这种造诣的翻译,比为原作的“投胎转世”(the transmigration of souls),躯壳换了一个,而精神姿致依然故我。换句话说,译本对原作应该忠实得以至于读起来不象译本,因为作品在原文里决不会读起来象经过翻译似的。,15,“忠实”(to be faithful to the original) “通顺”(to be smooth in reading) “易懂”(to be easy in understanding).,.,16,“信” (to be
12、 faithful to the original) “达” (to be expressive) “切” (to be close to the original style),17,美国翻译家、翻译理论家奈达博士 语言学、人类学、通讯工程学 精通多种语言, 圣经 原作 译文读者,18,奈达在论述翻译的性质时曾说:“翻译是指接受语复制源语的信息的最近似的自然等值,首先在意义方面,其次在文体方面。”(Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the
13、 sourcelanguage message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style) (Nida, 1969 12),19,“译者必须努力求得等值而不是同一。从某种意义上讲,这是强调复制信息而不是保留话语的形式。”(The translator must strive for equivalence rather than identity In a sense this is just another way of emphasizing the reproducing of the message rather
14、 than the conservation of the form of the utterance,20,在论述形式和结构等值时,奈达还提出“尽可能”在形式和内容上“复制原文”,而不是“绝对对称”。the message in the receptor language should match as closely as possible the different elements in the source language to reproduce as literally and meaningfully as possible the form and content of t
15、he original Nida 1964: 159),21,从一种语言到另一种语言(From One Language to Another) ( 1986)中提出了内容与形式兼顾的翻译论点,即所渭“功能对等”(functional equivalent): 在词汇、语法,语义和文体等方面,通过改变原文形式表达原文内容,用译语最切近而又最自然的对等语(the closest natural equivalent in the target language)把原文内容表达出来,以求“功能对等”,22,Thought or Reference,Symbol,Referent,Linguisti
16、c elements such as words or sentences,concept,语言共核(common core)的存在,object, etc, in the world of experience,23,对翻译功能对等的影响: 语用环境、社会文化、背景知识等,Chinese people and English people say: “I love you with my heart.”. But Eugene. A Nida notices that the people in different places say: I love you with my liver,
17、love with my stomach, and even more , love with my throat.,24,Every nation has its own culture which is formed in a certain natural circumstances, history, geography and reality of the society. You have to get familiar with speciality of the culture and difference between the other cultures.,25,对牛谈琴
18、 Cast pearls before swine. 众人拾柴火焰高. Many hands makes light work . 水中捞月 To fish in the air 牛饮 To drink like fish 山穷水尽 To be at the end of ones rope,26,all at sea 不知所措 odd fish 怪人 fresh fish 新囚犯 big fish 大亨 dull fish 枯燥乏味的人 loose fish 放荡的人 poor fish 愚蠢易欺的人 Shy fish hoist your sail when the wind is fai
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