近年议题Currentissues.ppt
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1、近年議題 Current issues,FCC 互聯網政策: 近年議題 FCC Internet Policies - current issues,在融合媒體年代,如何規管? 包括如何歸類一些新服務? 要不要規管這些新服務? Regulatory problem in the age of convergence - difficult to classify services -whether to regulate a) Internet telephony (VOIP) b) Webcasting (IPTV),如何促進互聯網的使用? 包括促進 寬帶使用, 縮小數字鴻溝 How to
2、resolve problems of access a) Promote broadband access b) Bridge digital divide,2010 National Broadband Plan,FCC Internet Policies - current issues (continued),Types of broadband access,Cable companies - cable modem,Telephone companies Digital subscriber line (DSL),Others: satellites and wireless,FC
3、C Internet Policies - current issues (continued),Types of broadband access,Cable companies - cable modem,Telephone companies - DSL,Others: satellites and wireless,Forced to open up access to competitive ISPs?,Forced to open up access to competitive ISPs?,FCC Internet Policies - current issues (conti
4、nued),Cable access: question of open access: cable not open up to other ISPs 2002: FCC decided cable modem service as “information service” and therefore needs not to open 2005: In the Brand X case, the US Supreme Court refused to overrule the FCC decision that the providers of cable broadband Inter
5、net service are not required to provide access to ISPs other than their own. DSL: mainly offered by telephone companies question of access by other ISPs 2003: FCC decided local telephone companies need not open up broadband access,broadband over power line (BPL) technology,Problems: Electricity indu
6、stry regulated by local public utilities commissions Technology tried before and failed May cause signal interference to amateur radio and safety signal systems Creates more static on the lines,Efforts in 2004 to promote broadband access: a summary,FCC: Introducing new Broadband technology (BPL),FCC
7、: Introducing rural action plan,FCC: Conducting broadband deployment inquiry,Congress: Continue to ban Internet tax (temporary or permanent?),2010 國家寬帶計劃 2010 National Broadband Plan,寬帶重要,寬帶的重要性 二十一世紀初基建的挑戰 將一如電話、廣播、電視般改變美國社會 (just as transformative) 對個人發展機會 和培育公民意識 至為重要 (essential to opportunity an
8、d citizenship) 美國在寬帶建設落後 不得不迎頭趕上,大原則,美國向來有兩大強項,在拓展寬帶時重視 一是創新 (innovation) 不單要技術上,還要發揮創造力 二是inclusion 讓所有人都能享受到好處 要主動改善情況 (proactive),不讓任何人墮後 但政府的角色 不應太重 要在公營和私營部門之間取得平衡,主要目的,建立一個高超表現的美國 create a high-performance American 美國要帶領世界 成為寬帶技術主要出口國 達致目的,要在以下四大範疇下工夫: 1) 製定政策,鼓勵競爭 促進投資、創新和消費者得益 2) 確保政府控制的資源如頻
9、譜等 能有效分配和使用 3) 改革各類的普及服務資助 讓偏遠地區的民眾能使用寬帶 4) 改革法規政策等 使教育、醫療、各種政府運作能夠有效使用寬帶,未來十年 - 六大具體目標,目標1:最少一億戶達到: 下載每秒100megabit s 上載:每秒50megabit s,目標6:積極運用寬帶,讓美國在使用清潔能源佔帶領地位,目標5:改善公眾安全網絡,讓各類緊急服務都用上無線寬帶,目標4:主要設施如學校,醫院和政府大樓有每秒最少1gigabits 的寬帶,目標2:移動通信創新帶領世界,建成最快最廣的無線網絡,目標3:每個美國人都享有 寬帶服務,並懂得使用,拓展寬帶 - 關注三大方面,Network
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