非谓语78动词.ppt
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1、语法专项之 非谓语动词,Non predicate Verbs.,非谓语动词基本概念(使用条件),一个句子当中,已经存在一个主句(谓语动词), 又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。,She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.,非谓语动词的主要考点,非谓语动词的分类、构成及语法功能; 非谓语充当定语、状语以及补语时的用法; 动名词作主语、宾语时的比较及动名词的复合结构; 后续非谓语不同形式的常见动词的归纳; 独立主格结
2、构的用法; 非谓语的否定、省略、主谓一致等等。,(一) 非谓语动词的分类及基本构成: 与动词谓语比较时态 与语态,(二)非谓语动词 之 逻辑主语 1.“共享”主语(作状语时); 2.补语非谓语的逻辑主语-补足对象; 3.定语非谓语的逻辑主语-被修饰对象; 4.独立主语 1)不定式主语 for/of/with + 宾 +to do sth. 2)V-ing 主语 one/ones +doing sth.,The Gerund,动名词的特点:,习惯,抽象,His hobby is painting.,Im proud of being a Chinese.,习惯,抽象,Participle (分词
3、),被动、完成; 感到的,主动、进行; 令人的,done,doing,The swimming boy is Tom. (主动、进行) the room facing south (主动) The film is disappointing. (令人的),I have a radio made in China. (被动),Look at the broken glass. (被动、完成),The excited people shouted and cheered. (感到的),Infinitive(不定式),表将来,表目的,表某一次具体的动作,I have a lot of work to
4、 do. (将来),To learn English well, you must practise more. (目的),I like dancing, but I dont like to dance today. (某一次具体的动作),主 语,Teaching is learning.,It is no use doing that.,那样做是没用的。,教也是学。,1.若句子的主语和表语都为非谓语动词,其 形式要求一致。,2.It is (no) good/use doing sth.,表 语,动名词,分词,不定式,His job is teaching Chinese.,The new
5、s is exciting.,All of us are disappointed.,What you should do is to look after the baby.,drinking water reading room,作定语,=the water for drinking,=the room for reading,the sleeping baby,fallen leaves,the broken cup,running water,the disappointing boy,the disappointed boy,the work to do,the boy standi
6、ng there,The window broken by Tom,the clothes to wash tomorrow,主谓,动宾,说明内容,He is the right person to do it.,He has a lot of work to do.,Its the best way to learn English.,不定式作定语的基本条件,不定式与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上必须具备以下条件之一:,1. 主谓关系 2. 动(介)宾关系 3. 说明所修饰词的内容,多为抽象名词或序数词,I have no chair to sit on.,I have a lot of cloth
7、es to wash. to be washed.,Pay attention to the following:,the food to live _ the pen to write _ the room to live _ the knife to cut _ the person to write _,on,with,in,with,to,1) 一个即将召开的会议_ 2) that hotel _ (construct) now,a meeting to be held,being constructed,Have a try!,1. 非谓语动词作 “定语”,3. _ of steal
8、ing money from the bank made his family ashamed. Accusing B. Accused C. Being accused D. Having accused 4. The Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time. to be completed B. having been completed C. completed D. being completed,C,C,5.This company was the first _ portab
9、le radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. produced,B,2.非谓语动词作 “状语” 之 不定式 1) in order to do; so as to do-目的状语 2) soas to do; ,only to do tooto do; enough to do; -结果状语 3) S + V + adj.(心理倾向)+to do -原因状语,1. The news reporters hurried to the
10、airport , only_ the film stars had left. Ato tell Bto be told Ctelling Dtold 2. He hurried to the station only _ that the train had left. A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found,非谓语动词作 “状语” 之分词 (短语): 句首或句末状语 1. _(arrive) at the station, he found his train gone. 2. _(give) more time, he would
11、 be able to do better. 3. _(work) harder, you will succeed. 4. The factory produced much wasted gas, _ (pollute) the local air. 5. He sat in the armchair, _(read) a newspaper. 6. _(ensure) the safety of gas, the government has checked the citys gas supply system thoroughly.,Arriving,Given,Working,po
12、lluting,reading,To ensure,注意:现在分词作状语的几个特性。 时间性。与谓语动词同时发生,用一般时,如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having done。 语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系,是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规则“主动进行,被动完成”。 人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。,1. _ the program, they have to stay there for another two weeks. A. Not being completed B. Not completed C. Not completing D. Not having compl
13、eted,2The manager, _ it clear to us that he didnt agree with us, left the meeting room. Awho has made Bhaving made Cmade Dmaking 3The storm left , _a lot of damage to this area . Acaused Bto have caused Cto cause Dhaving caused,4_from other continents for millions of years ,Australia has many plants
14、 and animals not found in any other country in the world. ABeing separated BHaving separated CHaving been separated DTo be separated,分词短语作状语时,通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致,但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语,这种结构称为独立主格结构。如: Her grandfather being ill, she had to stay at home looking after him.,非谓语动词 之 独立主格结构 1). There being no cl
15、asses yesterday, we paid a visit to the Great Wall. 2). The boy lay on the ground, his eyes closed and his hands trembling. 3). The boy seated himself in the corner with his back turned to his father. 4). Mrs. Green entering the room, a letter was laid on the ground. 5). With a lot of difficult prob
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