翻译之选词.ppt
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1、Chinese- English Translation,2-3 weeks/ lecture Final test 70% Attendance 10% Performance 10% Assignments 10%,Books for Reference,1.新编汉英翻译教程,陈宏薇、李亚丹主编,上海:上海外语教育出版社,2004。 2.英汉对比研究,连淑能著,北京:高等教育出版社,1993。 3. 汉译英教程(第二版),司显柱编著,上海:东华大学出版社,2009。 4.汉英比较翻译教程,魏志成编著, 北京:清华大学出版社. 2006。,Chinese-English Translatio
2、n Technique, translation of words ,Choice of Words,2. Collocation of words,开 灯 to turn on the light 开 车 to drive a car 开 饭 to serve a meal 开 枪 to fire a gun 开玩笑 to make fun of, to crack a joke 开夜车 to work into the night,吃 药 to take medicine 吃 亏 to suffer losses 吃败仗 to suffer defeat 吃 苦 to bear hards
3、hips 吃 香 to be very popular 吃老本 to live off ones past gains,1. Choose words according to the context,Choice of Words,在这种情况下 这种情况必须改变。 现在情况不同了。 前线有什么情况? 我们可能去那儿,那得看情况而定。,under such circumstances This state of affairs must change. Now things are different. How is the situation at the front? We may go
4、there, but that depends.,上当 上坟 上告 上钩 上进 上口 上任 上相 上刑,To be taken in/ to be fooled To visit a grave to honor the memory of the dead To complain to the higher authorities or appeal to a higher court To rise to the bait To make progress To be suitable for/easy to read(ing) aloud/ delicious To take up an
5、 official post To come out well in a photograph/to be photogenic To put sb to torture,干部要能上能下。 A cadre should be ready to take a lower as well as a higher post. 这一盘你上。 You play this game. 一连上了好几道菜。 Several courses were served in succession. 这事已经上了电视。 It has been publicized on TV. 表该上了。 The watch nee
6、ds winding.,Choice of Words,3.Cultural Differences 翻译总会涉及文化。中西文化通过语言体现出来的差异,包含了两个民族方方面面的伦理观念、意识形态上的歧异。,节 日,风 俗,宗 教,哲 学,传 说,食 物,Culture-loaded words,文化负载词:那些在其原始意义或概念意义之上,蕴含丰富的社会文化意义的词语。是一个民族的物质文化、制度习俗文化和精神文化对其语言词汇系统影响和制约的产物。 Idioms, proverbs, fixed expressions,情人眼里出西施,得陇望蜀,三个臭皮匠,顶个诸葛亮 crocodiles tea
7、rs,Trojan horse,meet ones Waterloo,armed to the teeth,只因薛蟠是天性得陇望蜀的,如今娶了金桂,又见金桂的丫头宝蟾有三分姿色,举止轻浮可爱,便时常要茶要水的,故意撩逗她。” Now Hsueh pan was a living example of the saying “to covet the land of Shu after getting the region of Lung.” after marrying Chin Kuei, he was stuck by her maid pao-chans charms. As she s
8、eemed approachable as well as alluring,he often flirted with her when asking to fetch him tea or water.,宝钗笑道:“我说你得陇望蜀呢。我劝你且缓一缓”。 “The more you get,the more you want!” chuckled Pao Chai. “As this is your first visit here,I advice you to start by paying your respects to all the ladies.”,就英汉两种语言的翻译而言,独
9、特文化负载词包括以下几类: 汉语文化有英语文化没有的 英语文化有汉语文化没有的 英汉词汇均有的,但在两种文化中却产生不同甚至截然相反的联想意义。 Dragon, west wind,Guasha: skin-scraping for acute filthy disease,论语中的文化词“天命”,许多翻译大家将其译为“the decrees/ laws/orders of Heaven”,或者“the truth in religion”, “the objective laws of nature” 将“天人合一”译为“the unity of man/human and nature”,
10、说着,一面又瞧她手里的针线,原来是个白绫红里的肚兜,上面扎着鸳鸯戏莲的花样,红莲绿叶,五色鸳鸯。(红楼梦第三十六回) While she was speaking, her eye fell on the sewing that Aroma had just put down. It was a pinafore of the kind children wear, with bib and apron in one. It was of white satin lined with red silk, and the pattern Aroma was embroidering on it
11、was one of mandarin ducks disporting themselves in a background of lotuses. The ducks were in rainbow colors, and the lotuses had red flowers and green leaves. (Hawkes),说着,一面又瞧她手里的针线,原来是个白绫红里的肚兜,上面扎着鸳鸯戏莲的花样,红莲绿叶,五色鸳鸯。(红楼梦第三十六回) While saying this Baochai had been examining the work in Xirens hand. It
12、 was a white silk stomacher lined with red, which she was embroidering with mandarin ducks at play among some lotus. The lotus flowers were pink, the leaves green, and the ducks a medley of colors. (The Yangs),西方自古以来多以航海捕鱼为生,因此很多谚语、习语都与 “sea” “water” “fish”有关。,to be /get into hot water to keep ones
13、head above water fish in troubled waters fish in the air at sea throw money about like dirt spend money like water spend money generously or even wastefully,惹来麻烦或羞辱 奋力图存 混水摸鱼 缘木求鱼 不知所措 挥金如土,颜色寓意的不同,“红色”(red) For Chinese, it symbolizes such happy events as success and wedding. (get success at the ver
14、y beginning), (go-between), (have good luck/in favor/in demand), (flourishing/prosperous),开门红 红娘 走红 红火,For English-speaking people, red is likely to cause strong resentment, anger, violence, etc. For example, “red for danger” (不祥之兆), and “a red rag”(令人恼怒的事物) Try to translate: 红 茶 红 糖 不爱红装爱武装 “to fac
15、e the powder and not to powder the face”,we always connect high social status or the most distinguished with it.,also referring to some pornographic magazines, films or records.,“黄袍马褂” “黄袍加身”,“黄色书刊” “黄色电影”,is given the meaning of being cowardly, filthy, mean or shameless,“yellow belly”(胆小鬼),“yellow
16、streak”(生性怯懦),“yellow dog”(卑鄙的人),Positive,Negative,Negative,connected with some high social status/ position, especially with aristocratic descent/birth,in English they use “blue” to mean pornography,“blue films”, “blue jokes” “blue videos”,“blue blood”(贵族血统), “blue book of American Industry”(美国工业界名
17、人录).,No special meaning,Positive,Negative,There are some English expressions with the word “white” which has nothing to do with“白色”in Chinese. white man white lie white elephant white coffee,White: bad sign or purity?,(善良的人/有教养的人), (善意的谎言), (昂贵而有无用之物), (加牛奶或奶油的咖啡),White: bad sign or purity?,Meanwhil
18、e there are also some Chinese expressions with“白色”which has nothing to do with the color of white in English. For instance, 白痴 白开水 白菜 白字 白搭,(idiot), (plain boiled water), (Chinese cabbage), (wrongly written character), (no use/hopeless), etc.,一些字词本身无特殊意义,但在某些民族文化长期的演变中,被赋予了特定意义。,“她那人爱吃醋!” “人家是醋罐子,他是
19、醋缸、醋瓮!” (红楼 梦第六十五回) “Jar of vinegar,pot of vinegar,tank of vinegar” ? If other women are jealous,shes a hundred times so. 步行街:walking street? Pedestrian (street/ mall),Assignment (In-Class),浓 茶 浓 墨 浓 烟 青 山 青 天 青 布 又青又紫 最新消息 以后几星期,strong tea thick (dark) ink dense smoke green hill blue sky black clot
20、h black and blue the latest news the weeks ahead of us,Translate these Chinese into English,胸有成竹 半斤八两 张冠李戴 过五关斩六将 半路杀出个程咬金 天有不测风云,人有旦夕祸福,Assignment (After-Class),Use Chinese idioms or “four-character expressions” to translate:,He never leaves a piece of work half finished. 他做事从不_。 There is nothing c
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