第四部分被动语态的译法.ppt
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1、1,第四章 被动语态的译法,七、被动语态的译法法,2,科技英语:被动语态-占13 -学术性科技论文写作的最大特点!,3,科技论文关心:行为、活动、作用、事实 被动句正是将“行为、活动、作用、事实”等作为主语(主语一般位于句首),从而能立引起读者对所陈述的事实的注意 -显示出作者客观性、真实性,4,汉语中的被动处理:,通过“把”或“被”等词体现 使用范围远远不及英语 -很多情况下汉语都翻译成主动,七、被动语态的译法法,5,被动语态主要有两种译法:,仍译成被动句 译为主动句 符合汉语习惯,占多数,七、被动语态的译法法,6,1、仍译成被动句,可加译 被、供、由、让、给、受、受到、遭、得到、为所、加以
2、、予以等助词,再译谓语 (偶尔也可不加任何词而直接译出),七、被动语态的译法法,7,The atomic theory was not accepted until the last century. 原子学说直到上个世纪才为/被人们所接受。,七、被动语态的译法法,8,Natural light or “white” light is actually made up of many colors. 自然光或者“白光”实际上是由许多种颜色组成的。,七、被动语态的译法法,9,Other evaporation processes will be discussed briefly 其它一些蒸发过
3、程将简单地加以讨论。,七、被动语态的译法法,10,The laws of thermodynamics will be discussed in the next articles 热力学定律将在下文予以讨论。,七、被动语态的译法法,11,Purified hydrogen is passed over a liquid metal halide halide:卤化物 纯化氢气被通过液态金属卤化物。 让/纯化氢气通过液态金属卤化物。,七、被动语态的译法法,12,Early fires on the earth were certainly caused by nature, not by Ma
4、n. 地球上早期的火肯定是由大自然而不是人类引燃的。,七、被动语态的译法法,13,Since methane is its first member,it is also known as the methane series 因为甲烷是该系列的第一个成员,因此该系列也被称为甲烷系。,七、被动语态的译法法,14,Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers
5、of science. (考研),15,长句翻译4个步骤,1、结构分析: 复合句,定、状、同、插、平行. 2、句子拆分: 拆为若干部分,逐个理解 3、词义推敲: 上下文推敲 4、检查核对: 合并语义,准确、流畅,七、被动语态的译法法,16,Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. (考研),七、被动语态的译法法,17,Over t
6、he years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. 句子:一拆为三 主干(黄色):简单被动 as a source of fundamental innovation根本性创新的源泉 词:largely 很大程度-% Over the years 多年来 philosophers of science 科学哲学家/思想家们,七、被动语态的译法法,18,
7、理科: science 文科: arts / liberal art 博士:Philosophy Doctor / Ph.D. 哲学博士 硕士:master degree / M.D. 学士:bachelor degree / B.D.,七、被动语态的译法法,19,Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. (95考研) 工具和技术
8、本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学哲学家们忽视了。,20,七、被动语态的译法法,21,2、译成汉语主动句,主要的方法!,七、被动语态的译法法,22,译成汉语的无主语句,将英语句中的主语译成汉语中的宾语 即 先译谓语,后译主语(主谓变序) 特点:不需要指出动作的发出者是谁,七、被动语态的译法法,23,Measures have been taken to diminish air pollution. 一些措施已经被采取了来减小空气污染 已经采取了一些措施来减小空气污染。 先译谓语,后译主语,主语译成汉语中的宾语,七、被动语态的译法法,24,Much greater m
9、agnification can be obtained with the electron microscope. 大得多的放大倍数能够通过电子显微镜被获得。 使用电子显微镜,能获得大得多的放大倍数。,七、被动语态的译法法,25,If the product is a new compound,the structure must be proved independently 如果产物是一个新的化合物,则其结构必须被单独证明。 如果产物是一个新的化合物,则必须单独证明其结构。,七、被动语态的译法法,26,译成汉语的有主语句 无须加任何词直接译成主动句,当英语被动句中主语为无生命的名词,而且
10、没有by引导,无须加任何词直接译成主动句 The speed of molecules is increased when they are heated. 当分子受热时,其速度就加快。,七、被动语态的译法法,27,Energy is being transformed from one form into another every moment. 每时每刻都有能量在由一种形式变为另一种形式。,七、被动语态的译法法,28,可加译“人们、我们、大家、有人”等主语,动词带宾语或宾语补足语的被动时,原句主语变为宾语。 The workers were seen repairing the mach
11、ine 有人看见过这些工人在修理机器。,七、被动语态的译法法,29,Potassium and sodium are seldom met in their natural state. (我们)很少见到/遇到自然状态的钾和钠。,七、被动语态的译法法,30,If one or more electrons are removed,the atom is said to be positively charged 如果原子的一个或多个电子被除去,那么该原子就被说成是带正电荷。 如果原子失去了一个或多个电子,我们就说这个原子带正电荷。,七、被动语态的译法法,31,The metal,iron in
12、 particular,is known to be an important material in engineering 金属,特别是铁,被了解到是工程方面的重要材料。 大家知道,金属,特别是铁,是工程方面的重要材料。,七、被动语态的译法法,32,用英语句中的动作者作汉语中的主语,The complicated problem will be solved by them 这个复杂的问题会被他们解决。 他们将会/会解决这个复杂的问题。,七、被动语态的译法法,33,The planets are held together by attractive forces. 行星被引力聚在一起。
13、引力把行星聚积在一起。,七、被动语态的译法法,34,将一个适当成分译作汉语句中的主语,The students have been answered all the questions. 学生们已被回答了全部的问题。 学生们的问题已全部得到回答。,七、被动语态的译法法,35,The oxides of nitrogen are absorbed in water to give nitric acid. 氮氧化物被吸收在水中形成硝酸 水吸收氮氧化物形成硝酸。,七、被动语态的译法法,36,在原主语前加 “把、将、使、给等词,Absorption process is therefore conv
14、eniently divided into two groups:physical process and chemical process 吸收过程因此被简单地分为两类:物理过程和化学过程。 因此,可以将吸收过程简单地分为两类:物理过程和化学过程。,七、被动语态的译法法,37,Hydrochloric acid (HCl) was added to the solution to enhance acidity 将盐酸加到溶液中以增强酸性。,七、被动语态的译法法,38,将被动语态译成“是的 、对进行”,The solution is filtered to recover the preci
15、pitation. 对/ 将溶液进行过滤可回收沉淀。,七、被动语态的译法法,39,An aldehyde is prepared from the dehydrogenation of an alcohol and hence the name aldehyde醛 醛是从醇脱氢而制备的,并因此而得名。,七、被动语态的译法法,40,被动意义译成主动意思,In the reaction both the acid and the base are neutralized forming water and salt 反应中,酸与碱被中和而形成水和盐。 反应中,酸与碱中和而形成水和盐。,七、被动语态
16、的译法法,41,The kinds of activities which the organic chemist engage may be grouped in the following way 有机化学工作者所从事的活动可以按照下列方法归类。,42,练习例,I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but t
17、he factual aspects of those problems.,43,I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems 主干:一分为3,原因,让步 Exclude:与include相反 Accomplish:完成 contribu
18、te to:捐献-有助于、有利于 Solution:解决办法;溶液 charged with:控告 有关 承担 最难点! Approaching:接近, 逼近 触及 Factual:事实的 fact notany but:only - 仅仅,44,I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factua
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