命题特点.ppt
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1、“语法填空” 解题指导,命题特点,以语篇为载体,考查学生的语法和词汇知识。,“语法填空”的考点主要涉及: 句子的构成成分 句子成分之间的一致性 句子的篇章制约 句子的意义制约,解题技巧,在做题过程中,要时时联系上下文,从语篇中去判断空格处应填哪个单词。,1、如果空格后是名词(尤其是单数名词),就应该考虑空格处是否需要填冠词(a, an, the)、物主代词(my, your, his等)、指示代词(this, that等)、不定代词(few, little, many, much, all, each, every, both, neither, other等)、名词所有格或形容词等进行修饰。
2、,解题技巧,2、相反,如果空格是在冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或形容词之后,则应考虑填名词。但不要忘记,要考虑名词是否变复数,是否有所有格形式等。,解题技巧,3. 1) 填动词。一定要考虑动词的时态和语态,所以动词形式的变化也是必不可少的。,如果空格前是助动词(will, shall等)、情态动词(can, may, must等)或是动词加to的形式,则空格一定是 。,如果空格前是have的各种形式,则想到构成 。,如果空格前是be的各种形式,则想到用 。,动词原形,完成时,进行时态或被动语态,解题技巧,3. 2)考查非谓语动词,包括V-ing形式、V-ed形式和动词不定式。
3、,如果与中心词是主动关系, ;,如果与中心词是被动关系, ;,动词不定式to do表示将来。,一般用V-ing形式,一般用V-ed形式,解题技巧,4. 空格处还有可能是系表结构,一般填形容词形式。,形容词要根据上下文来确定意思,进而确定用哪个单词;,有时也可以根据前后介词的搭配来确定;,有时括号里会给出这个单词的其他形式,让你填出形容词的形式。,解题技巧,5. 缺少介词。,介词可位于名词之前。如at night, on Sunday等;,也可位于形容词之后,如be interested in, be good at等;,还可位于不及物动词之后,如listen to, arrive at, lo
4、ok for等。,解题技巧,6. 从句子结构考虑,如果空格前后都有句子,则要根据上下文的逻辑关系,选择适当的副词或连词。,表示递进:,because, for since等;,so, therefore, hence, thus等;,further, furthermore, moreover, in addition等;,but, nevertheless, however, yet, while, although, though, actually, practically等。,表示转折:,表示结果:,表示原因:,解题技巧,7、当句中主、谓、宾成分都不缺少时,则应考虑是否缺少副词来修饰动
5、词、形容词或整个句子。,常见的副词有:always, usually, never, sometimes, not, hard, quite, very, still, almost, already等。,解题技巧,8、从语境考虑,有时需要用情态动词表示特定的语气或感情。,解题技巧,9、填引导词 如果一个句子中含有多个谓语或多个主谓结构,应该从句子的意义去判断这一句是否含并列谓语,或含非谓语动词结构,或是属于复合句;如果是复合句,一般要考虑该填什么引导词。,解题技巧,10、要熟记一些固定搭配,习惯用语。,Read carefully for a second time and put the
6、proper words.(4minutes),填空的依据是语境所要求的“语义”(已给出词语的除外)及句子结构所要求的“语法”形式。,全文大意:,有32个人目睹了Kitty死在他们的窗下。作为邻居,却无人施救,也无人报警。John和Bib赶到事发场透过新闻进一步调查他们不施救的原因。结果发现人们施救前要先完成两个步骤: 1.他必须注意到情况紧急。 2.也是更重要的,面对紧急情况的人必须意识到自身的责任。他必须意识到他应该去拯救,否则,(需要救援的)人就不会得到他所需要的救助。,Grammar Cloze Test One,Thirty-two people watched Kitty Geno
7、vese 1 (kill) right below their windows. She was 2 neighbor. Yet 3 of the 32 helped her. Not one even called the police. John Barley and Bib Fatane went beyond the headlines to research into the reasons 4 people didnt act. They,学生答案,check,found that a person has to go through two steps 5 he can help
8、. First he has to notice that it is 6 emergency. Is the smoke coming into the room 7 a leak in the air conditioning? Is it “steam pipes”? Or is it really smoke from a fire? Its not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency. Second, and 8,importantly, the person faced with an emergen
9、cy must feel personally 9 (responsibility). He must feel that he must help, 10 the person wont get the help he needs.,这是一篇小故事。伦敦多雾。人们常因此而上班迟到。一个办公室门口放了一个本子供员工们签到。九点钟以后就算迟到,必须注明迟到原因。通常第一个迟到的人就写“因雾而耽搁”,后边到的员工只是写“同上”。有一天,第一位迟到的人写了“我太太大清早生了个宝贝”。结果后面迟到的二三十员工也都写上了“同上”。,Grammar Cloze Test Two,全文大意:,Grammar
10、 Cloze Test Two,At the entrance 1 a big office in London there was a book 2 all employees had to sign 3 they arrived each morning. At nine oclock, the managers secretary, who lived in a small flat above the office, had to 4 a red line under the last name in the book, and anyone who came after that h
11、ad to explain 5 he was late.,to,on which,book,when,(when they arrived each morning).,draw,why,explain,学生答案,6 there was a thick fog in the city, the first person 7 (arrive) late usually wrote “Delayed by fog” under the red line in the book, and then everybody 8 who came after that just put “ditto” un
12、derneath. But one foggy morning, the first man who arrived late wrote “My wife had a baby early this morning”,Whenever,Grammar Cloze Test Two,usually,to arrive,the first person,else,who arrive /arriving(错),9 of “delayed by fog” under the red line in the book. Twenty or thirty people who 10 (动词短语) hi
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