浅谈小学英语测试命题技术.ppt
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1、浅谈小学英语测试命题技术,房山区教师进修学校小学教研室 陈玉香 2007年3月13日,测试的性质,公平公正 练习题不等于测试题 评价是教学的一个环节 测试题目要有教育意义,但主要是评价意义 评价学生会了什么,能做什么 评价对教学的反拨作用,考察?考查?,The three periods 测试的三个阶段,1设计阶段 Design 2编制阶段 Operationalization 3 执行(实施)阶段 Administration,The first period: Design 设计阶段,What do you want to test? 测量什么? What are your testing
2、 objectives?测试的目的 ? How many items can you involve in the test?你认为哪些方面是需要测量的? How do you want to balance your items?你计划如何分布各个领域的权重?你计划如何赋分? What is your construct validity?你如何体现你的构想效度? What is the impact on your students? How many students are to involve in the test?,编制阶段Operationalization,Writing t
3、he test blueprint编制测试蓝图 Forming the structure of the test确定试卷结构 Designing the tasks 设计大题 Writing the items设计小题 Revising and constructing the whole test整合试卷 Scoring赋分 Editing 编辑、修订,1编制测试蓝图,A.试卷结构 (Test Structure) (1)试题数量Number of parts and tasks (2)试题重点Salience of parts and tasks (3)试题顺序 Sequence of
4、parts and tasks (4)试题之间的相关性 Relative importance of parts and tasks (5)试题中小题的数量 Number of tasks per part (6)试卷形式The format of the test (7)页码数量The number of pages (8)试卷的大小The size of the test book,B. 试卷的具体特点Features,目的 Purpose 构想的界定Definition of construction 施测的条件与环境Setting 时间分配Time allotment 指导语Instr
5、uction 语言输入的特点Characteristics of Input 预期学生反馈的特点Characteristicsof expected responses 计分方法Scoring method,2.搭建试卷框架,(1)试卷由几个部分( Parts)组成 (2)部分由几个大题(Tasks)组成 (3)大题由几个小题(Items)组成 (4)题型及其测试功能 (5)知识目标分布 (6)技能目标分布 (7)综合应用目标分布,形式指标,1)文本的大小 2)文本成分(如试题,附表,附加题) 3)非文本形式(录音,录像等) 4)版式 5)语言的形式 - 书面的测试输入信息 - 录音的测试输入
6、信息 - 指导语的语种 - 指导语的年龄关照 - 指导语的明确程度 6)图文的配合,3. 编写试题,(1)选择素材(即原始语料) (2)对应题型 (3)改写素材 (4)编写试题 (5)调整难度 (6)修改试题 (7)整体平衡(各大题难度,内容分布等) (8)版式设计(文字,图表,图画,注解) (9)撰写绘图说明或提供草图 (10)校对(含校对图表和图画) (11)定第一稿,4.整合试卷,(1)全面评价构想效度 (2)局部调整 (3)做题思路检验(试做试题) (4)发现问题 (5)局部改写 (6)局部更换(在成稿后,此步往往被忽略) (7)完成试卷 (8)制备附件(录音稿,答案),5. 细化赋分
7、系统,(1)总分 (2)大题分值及整体权重 (3)小题分值 (4)高分值的细分 (5)不可细分的高分值限度(如写话总分的控制) (6)最小分值(避免0.5分) (7)细化赋分与试题总量的关系,试题命制的基本原则,试题命制的基本程序 试题命制的基本要求,试题命制的基本程序,1确定全卷的难度和考点 2根据考点编写确定题干和选项 3写选项(以受试者环绕本题的考 点可能会产生的反应为依据) 4修整题干和选项(简洁、排列) 5调整全卷的难度和答案的分布,Elements of multiple choice 1)多项选择题的结构,2)题干设计,- 语境设置:图画、图表、语段 - 要素分析(语言、逻辑、语
8、用) - 测试点:一题一个 - 题干调整:简洁,不给暗示,situational and meaning. (题干调整),Look! Nancy is _ a kite in the park. A. fly B. flies C. flying Look! Nancy _ a kite in the park. A. fly B. flies C. is flying _ is it? Its my mothers. A. What B. Who C. Whose _ it? Its my mothers. A. Whats B. Whos C. Whose is,题干中可能重复出现的单词不
9、要出现在选项中,Whats the matter with him? A. His arm hurts B. His shoulder hurts C. His finger hurts Whats the matter with him? His _ hurts. A. arm B. shoulder C. finger,Picture 1,题干中应避免泄露答案,Look! The monkey has a long _ . A. short B. tail C. leg 在编写试题时,除了避免试题本身泄露答案以外,还应注意一套试题中前后是否泄露前后题答案之处,避免暗示或错误答案,1.The
10、 car is _ than that one. A. big B. more big C. biger D. bigger 2.They are _ the floor. A. sweep B. sweeping C. sweeps D. sweepping,选项要简洁,Where is Ann going? A. She is going to the zoo. B. She is going to the park. C. She is going to the museum.,Listening,试题命制的基本要求,1语言正确、地道、得体、简洁 语言测试以何为纲? 意义(信息),还是形
11、式(语码)? 2避免由于文化等造成的偏颇性 3考点明确 4 避免出诡题(tricky items) 5 避免透露答案线索,避免由于文化等造成的偏颇性,Its one of the biggest cities in America. A. New York B. Beijing C. Toronto,情景与语言的得体,周末妈妈要带你去溜冰,在商场买溜 冰鞋时,售货员问你 A. How big are your feet? B. How tall are you? C. How big are your hands?,情景与语言的得体,When you are doing shopping fo
12、r skating, the sales girl asks: A. Whats the size of your shoes? B. Where did you get the coat? C. How big are your bags?,考点明确,考点应属于本大题的测试领域 立足于每题只考一个考点,或考能够糅合为一的多个考点(考点因素),但必须避免牵扯不相关、互相干扰的考点 每题无论是一个或几个考点,但考点必须明确,Lucy _ to school by bus. _mother goes to work on foot. A. goes, His B. goes, Her C. is
13、going, She,Lucy goes to school by bus,and _ mother goes to work on foot. A. his B. her C. their Lucy _ to school by bus, but her mother goes to work on foot. A. goes B. go C. is going,考点?,Jacks uncle is _astronaut. _ is 40. A. a, She B. the, She C. an, He We _ be good to wild animals. We _ hunt them
14、. A. shouldnt should B. should shouldnt C. should should,答案的唯一,Do you have _water? Yes, I do. A. some B. any C. a,- Do you have _water? - Yes, I do. A. some/any B. little C. few,干扰项的命制(MC),选择项不能互相牵连、覆盖 选择项尽可能一致 (长短、结构、类属、难度),选择项的一致,3. How do Chinese people celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival? A. They
15、have a big dinner with their family, enjoy the moon and the moon cakes and tell the story of Change . B. Give thanks to God. C. People eat turkey and pumpkin pies.,Listen and choose(根据录音选择正确答案,读三遍) 1. After you play some sport, you feel_. A. thirsty B. hungry C. tired 2. So you want to _. A. have a
16、meal B. drink some water or juice C. have a rest 3. Anything cold is _for your stomach. A. good B. warm C. bad 4.If you are ill, your parents will _you. A. worry about B. talk to C. look at 5.If you are ill, you cant _. A. go to school B. play outside C. A and B,A or B,选项的牵连、覆盖、穿帮,选项排列方式要适当,A. B. C.
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