科技英文写作的要领.ppt
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1、科技英文 寫作 的 要領,董 崇 選 中山醫學大學應用外語系教授 懂更懂學習英文網站負責人 http:/dgdel.nchu.edu.tw,引言: Introduction,A.科技英文寫作的英譯是: 1. Science Skill English Writing 2. Science Technology English Writing 3. Science and Technology English Writing 4. Scientific Technological English Writing 5. Scientific and Technological English Wr
2、iting 6. Academic English Writing,A.科技英文寫作的英譯是:,7. Technical English Writing 8. Writing Technical English 9. Writing Science and Technology English 10. Writing English of Science and Technology 11. Writing English for Science and Technology 12. Writing Scientific and Technological English,引言:Introdu
3、ction,B. 何者為科技英文? 1. For health one should drink pure water, not alcohol. 2. Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen. 3. The conclusion Einstein arrived at was the equation: E = MC2. 4. The word “morphemes” contains three morphemes: two bound morphemes (“morph-“ and “-eme”) and one free morpheme (“
4、-s”). 5. Concerning the origin of knowledge, rationalists believe in innate or a priori truths while empiricists claim that all knowledge springs from sense perception or experience.,B. 何者為科技英文?,6. Marx and Engels formulated the principles of dialectic materialism. They maintained that economic stru
5、cture is the basis of history, and determines all the social, political, and intellectual aspects of life. 7. We found calcium levels to be decreased by RA and D3 but increased when AG1296 was given in addition to RA or D3. 8. Quantum of Solace is the 22nd James Bond film by EON Productions, release
6、d in the UK on 31 October 2008. 9. Quantum phenomena are particularly relevant in systems whose dimensions are close to the atomic scale, such as molecules, atoms, electrons, protons and other subatomic particles. 10. The aerostructures are for horizontal stabilizers, engine nacelles, fan cowls, etc
7、.,C. 誰最適合教科技英文?,1.科技學門的教師? 2.英文科系的教師? D. 科技英文術語 如何習得? 1.由科技教師 2.由科技教材 3.由科技刊物 4.課堂內與課堂外,E. 一般 英文用語 如何習得?,1. 使用英文者 (師友、他人) 2. 英文教材、教學節目 3. 英文報章、刊物、廣告、包裝 4. 英文廣播、電視節目、網路 F. 科技人 寫英文 的 困難 1. 詞彙不夠 2. 語法不明 3. 知識背景問題 4. 練習機會太少 Learn to write by reading & knowing ones own problems.,G. 華人寫英文的錯誤,1. 用字不精確 2. 不
8、合語法 (時態、冠詞、介詞等) 3. 照中文習慣翻譯 I have prepared some disserts for you. You cannot compare apples and oranges. No drinks and food in class.,H. 科技英文 有不同語法嗎?,1. estrogen receptor alpha 或 the estrogen receptor alpha (Room 10 或 the Room 10) 2. As a transcriptional regulator, p53 is . 或 As transcriptional regu
9、lator, p53 is . (as a professor 或 as professor; as president 或 as a president) 3. P53 is capable of activating various target genes. 或 P53 is capable of the activating of various target genes. 或 P53 is capable of activation of various target genes. 4. Here, we report that ERalpha inhibited . 或 Here,
10、 we report that ERalpha inhibits . (. that the earth rotates 或 rotated) 5. . in diverse biological processes, such as apoptosis. 或 . in diverse biological process, such as the apoptosis. 6. p53-mediating transcriptional repression. 或 p53-mediated transcriptional repression. (a snake-biting person 或
11、snake-bitten person; a snake-biting bird 或 snake-bitten bird),The Structure of a Thesis or Paper,A doctorate dissertation, an MS thesis, a term paper, a journal paper, a conference paper, etc.each has its required length, format, and content. Before writing, you need to know the type of work you are
12、 writing and the required length, format, and content of the work. 1. Title 2. Abstract 3. Key words and phrases 4. The Main Body of the Text 5. Notes 6. Bibliography (References) 7. Appendix or Appendices,The Main Body of the Text,1. Introduction 2. Review of literature 3. Material(s) 4. Method(s)
13、5. Work done (in lab and/or elsewhere) 6. Result(s) or finding(s) 7. Discussion 8. Conclusion(s) and suggestion(s),Two Ways of Writing the Title,A. Sentence (Subject + Predicate): 1. Dietary Vitamin E and Selenium Significantly Prevent the Contagion of Bird Flu 2. Dietary vitamin E and selenium sign
14、ificantly prevent the contagion of bird flue B. Phrase (Noun and Modifiers): 1. (A) Numerical Investigation into the Effectiveness of Multi- Element Pressure Screen Rotor Foils 2. A numerical investigation into the effectiveness of multi-element pressure screen rotor foils. 3. (The) Cyclic Behavior
15、and Seismic Design of Bolted Flange Plate Steel Moment Connections 4. (The) Effects of Dietary Vitamin E and Selenium on the Prevention of Bird Flu,Present or Past Tense?,1. The purpose of this paper (is, was) to (thesis, dissertation, report, article) 2. The purpose of this research (is, was) (stud
16、y, investigation, analysis, survey, inquiry, experiment) 3. The . method (is, was) used in the process. 4. Participants (are, were) five graduate students. 5. The researchers (design, designed) their own instrument for the experiment.,Present or Past Tense?,6. The present study (investigates, invest
17、igated) 7. The study also (finds, found) that 8. The findings (或 results) (reveal, revealed) that 9. With the findings, we (conclude, concluded) that (suggest/suggested, propose/proposed) 10. Based on the results, two implications (can, could) be thought of as helpful to (conclusions, applications,
18、suggestions, proposals, recommendations) 11. We (hope, hoped) that in the near future ,Perfect or Progressive Aspect,1. Previous studies (showed, have shown, were showing, are showing, had shown) that while (machining, machined) hardened steels, the tool can lengthen its life by various cutting tech
19、nologies. 2. However, engineers (are still studying, have still studied) the issue of diminished tool life, since they (are meeting, have met) with numerous problems in developing high-speed and high-performance cutting technologies. 3. Recently, there (was, has been) a report that a certain company
20、 (was experimenting, had experimented) with some lubricators. 4. They (found, have found) that chipping and adhesion (are, have been) the dominant tool damage modes and lubrication can significantly lessen the damage, especially when the tool (cuts, is cutting, has cut) hardened steel.,Active or Pas
21、sive Voice?,1. This paper (aims, is aimed) to 2. In this paper, we (aim, are aimed) to 3. This theory (can apply, can be applied) to a number of practices. 4. We (can apply, can be applied) for any information or help. 5. The results (indicate, are indicated) that 6. The findings (consider, are cons
22、idered) to be of great value. 7. The data (gathered, were gathered) from several sources. 8. We (obtained, were obtained) the data using the assay. 9. (Shown, Shows) here is a case study of 10. Here we (present, are presented) a case study of 11. Over the last few decades, many papers (have devoted,
23、 have been devoted) to 12. Recently, many papers (have focused, have been focused) their studies on ,Active or Passive Voice?,13. This drug (induces, is induced by) sleep. 14. Sleep (induces, is induced by) this drug. 15. Great efforts (have made, have been made) to find out 16. The investigation (b
24、ases, is based) on the idea that 17. Little (knows, is known) about the reaction of A to B. 18. It (knows well, is well known) that this compound is not soluble in water. 19. It (suggests, is suggested) that we (should) experiment with electricity. 20. It (suggests, is suggested) that the ion is det
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