人教版初中英语总复习语法二.ppt
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1、初三英语专项复习,南海执信中学初三英语备课组,1.一般现在时,(1)表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态,(2)表示主语现在的性格、特征、能力,(3)表示客观事实或普遍用法,(4)用于状语从句代替一般将来时,eg.We often write to each other. 我们时常相互通信。,常与always,usually,often,sometimes,every day,once a week,yearly每年,monthly每月, 等时间状语或频率副词连用。,eg.He works hard.他努力工作,eg.The sun rises in the east. Light goes fa
2、ster than sound,eg.You will succeed if you try .,I will tell him about it as soon as I see him next Monday.,常与连词:when , as soon as , before , after , until , if 如果,等引导的时间状语或条件状语从句,练习,返回,2.一般过去时,(1).表示过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态. e.g. He arrived in Hangzhou an hour ago. Where were you just now?,(2).表示过去某一时间里反
3、复出现的动作或状态. e.g. Their children often went hungry in the old days. During his middle school years, he played football nearly every day.,(3).表示主语过去的特征或性格等. e.g. At that time she spoke very good English.,(4).一般过去时往往和明确的过去时间状语连用.如:yesterday, last night, two days (months, weeks) ago, in 1996, at that tim
4、e 等,也常和when, if等引导的状语从句连用. e.g. Did you play volleyball yesterday afternoon? My father, when he was a child, worked 15 hours for the landlord a day.,(5).一般过去时可与today, this week, this month等时间状语连用. e.g. I saw him today. He came late three times this week.,练习,返回,一般过去时的练习,1. I saw him this morning.(改为否
5、定句、疑问句并做回答),2. He came late three times this week.(同上),3. Jim came late three times this week.(分别对a,b,c,d提问) a b c d,4. AI_(be) 12 last year. B_(be)the doctor in the hospital last night? No, he_(be not). C. What _he_(do) yesterday? He_(draw)some pictures in the park.,5.A. _ _a sweater on the desk ju
6、st now. B. There are some children in the aquarium now. (用 yesterday替换 now) _ _some children in the aquarium yesterday. C. There were some buildings here in the past. (改为一般疑问句) _ _ _ buildings here in the past?,返回,3.一般将来时,a.will / shall +动词原形(备:在口语中,shall和will常缩写成“ll“,紧接在主语之后。其否定式shall not和will not的
7、简略式分别为shant和wont),(1)构成,b. be going to + 动词原形,c. be + 动词-ing形式(动词-ing形式通常是表示位置转移的动词,如arrive, come, go, leave, move, start, stay, get等),d.be + 动词不定式 (例:You are to be back before 10:00 p.m 你必须在上午10点前回来。表示按计划或正式安排将发生的事 ),(2)用法,表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。,表示将要反复发生的动作,(3)常用结构,用于“祈使句 + and + 陈术句“中。Eg.Work hard and y
8、ou will succeed.,与表示时间或条件的状语从句连用。If you ask him, he will help you., 用于“I expect, Im sure, I think, I wonder + 宾语从句“中。 I dont think the test will be very difficult.,返回,练习,4.现在进行时,(1)意义:a.表示说话的此刻正在进行的动作。 常与now, the moment等连用。,(2)构成:主语+be+现在分词(v.+ing),练习,返回,例:Listen! Mary is singing an English song in
9、the classroom.,b.表示现在时间段中正在进行的动作。,例:They are planting trees on the hill these days.,c.表示一种重复的动作,带有“厌恶”、“赞叹”等感情色彩。,例:My brother is always leaving things about.,注:现在进行时往往与always连用,给现在的动作披上一层感情色彩。,现在进行时的练习,1. What are you _(do) now? I _(eat) bread.,2. Its nine oclock. My father_(work) in the office.,3.
10、 Look, the boy_(put) the rubbish into the bin.,4. _he_(clean) the classroom? No, he isnt. He_(play).,5.Where is Mak? He_(run) on the grass.,6. Listen, who_(sing) in the music room? Oh, Mary_(sing) there.,7.The birds are singing in the tree.(就划线部分提问).,8.The children are playing games near the house.(
11、就划线部分提问),9.The Young Pioneers are helping the old woman.(改成一般疑问句),返回,5.过去进行时,(1)意义:,(2)构成:主语+was/were+现在分词,1表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。如: What were you doing when I phoned you last night?,2表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作。 如:They were building a dam last winter. 去年冬天他们在建一个大坝。,3用于come, go, leave, start, arrive等表示位置转移的动词,以表示过去将要
12、发生的动作。如: They wanted to know when we were leaving for Shanghai.,返回,练习,6.现在完成时,(1)意义:现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。,(2)结构:助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词,(3)四大标志词: * 以already, just和yet为标志:表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生 * 以ever和never为标志:表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过 * 以动作发生的次数为标志:He says he has been
13、 to the USA three times. * 以so far为标志:表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生,(4)注:a.*“终止”、“延续”要转换常见的有:come-be, go out -be out, leave-be away (from), begin-be on, buy-have, borrow-keep , join-be a member / 介词短语, die-be dead, become-be, open(v.)-be open(adj.) 等。 b. * 时间“点”、“段”须分清 for+时间段 since+过去某一时刻,返回,练习,现在完成时的练习,A)选用hav
14、e, has填空: 1.I _ told him the news. 2.She _ come back from school. 3.You _ won the game.,B)按要求改写下列各句: 4.They have bought a computer.(改成否定句) 5.He has lost his book. (先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答),C) 单项选择6. -Where have you _, Kate?-Ive _ to the bank. A. gone, gone B. been, been C. gone, been D. been, gone 7. Her
15、 grandfather _ for two years. A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. has been died 8. Its six weeks _ I met you last. A. when B. since C. before D. for 9. Tom and Jack _ West Hill Farm already. A. have got B. have gone to C. have been to D. have reached,返回,7.过去完成时,(1)概念:过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经发生的动作
16、或情况,即:过去的过去。如: When we got there, the football match had already started. 当我们赶到时,足球比赛已经开始了。,(2)构成:肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他 否定句:主语+had not+过去分词+其他 疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他,(3)用法: A.表示在过去某一时间之前已完成的动作,表示对这一过去时间造成的结果或影响。常用以下几种方式: (1) 用by,before等构成的介词短语。 eg:Linda had learnt 10 English songs by the end of last month.
17、 (2) 用when, before, after等引导的时间状语从句。 eg:The train had started before we got to the station. B. 过去完成时还可以表示过去某一时间以前发生开始的动作持续到这一过去的时间。常与for, since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。 eg:I had worked in a hospital for three years before I came here.,返回,练习,8.过去将来时,(1)意义:表示以过去的某时来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用在宾语从句中.,(2)构成:主语+would/sho
18、uld+动词原形 主语+was/were+going to +动词原形,例:I didnt know if she would come. I wasnt sure whether he would do it . I didnt know if she was going to come. Wang Lei said that she was going to visit her uncle next Sunday.,返回,练习,1. We often_(play) in the playgound. 2. He _(get) up at six oclock. 3. _you _(brus
19、h) your teeth every morning. 4. What (do) he usually (do) after school? 5. Danny (study) English,Chinese,Maths,Science and Art at school. 6. Mike sometimes _(go) to the park with his sister. 7. At eight at night, she _(watch) TV with his parents. 8. _ Mike_(read) English every day? 9. How many lesso
20、ns_your classmate_(have) on Monday? 10. What time_his mother_(do) the housework?,返回,一般现在时的练习(1),下一页,一般现在时的练习(2),9. My dog runs fast. (改为否定句、一般疑问句),10. Mike has two letters for him. (改为否定句、一般疑问句),11. I usually play football on Friday afternoon. (改为否定句、一般疑问句并对划线部分提问),12. Su Yang usually washes some cl
21、othes on Saturday.(同上) 13. Mingming usually waters the flowers every day (同上) 14. Tom does his homework at home. (同上),返回,上一页,英语动词的五种基本形式及变化规则1,英语动词有五种基本形式。它们是动词原形、第三人称单数现在时(简称单三)、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。这五种形式和助动词一起构成英语的各种时态和语态等。,例:,1、单三形式变化规则,(1)一般动词在词尾加- s, 在清辅音后读 /s / ,在浊辅音或元音后读 / z / ;在t后读/ ts /, 在d后读 / dz
22、 /。例如:help helps ,swim swims,(2)以字母s, x, ch , sh 结尾的动词加- es, 读/ iz/ , 在d后读/ dz/.以o结尾的动词也加es,读/ z /。例如:guess guesses,teach teaches,go goes,(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加-es,读/ z /。例如: fly flies carry carries,注: be is have has,下一页,返回,2. 动词- ing形式的构成:,(1) 一般在动词末尾加-ing. 例如:go going,ask asking,(2)以不发音字母e结尾的动词,
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