萝卜家园Chapter5DigestionandAbsorption消化与吸收.ppt
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1、Chapter 5 Digestion and Absorption (消化与吸收),Digestion (消化): The break-down process whereby the structurally complex foodstuffs of the diet are converted into smaller absorbable units by the enzymes produced within the digestive system (食物在消化道内被分解为小分子物质的过程) Mechanical digestion (机械性消化) Chemical digest
2、ion (化学性消化),Absorption (吸收): The process that the smaller absorbable units of digestion get across the alimentary tract mucosa and come into blood or lymph. (食物经消化后通过消化道粘膜进入血液或淋巴的过程),Section1 Structure of Digestive Tract (消化管的结构),Intracellular digestion (胞内消化) Extracellular digestion (胞外消化),1.Human
3、Digestive Tract (人的消化管),粘膜层: 上皮 上皮下层 粘膜肌层 粘膜下层 : C.T 组织结构 (Submucous layer) 环行肌 胃部是三层 Smooth muscle 内斜,中环,外纵 纵行肌 浆膜 : C.T (Serous membrane),(Tissue structure),(Mucous layer),2.The Innervation of Digestive Tract (消化管的神经支配) Extrinsic NS & Intrinsic NS,CNS,肌间N丛,粘膜下N丛,R,平滑肌 分泌细胞 内分泌细胞 血管,交.副交N,交.副交N,局部,
4、Sympathetic nerve (交感N ): The subdivision of the autonomic nervous system that dominates in “fight-or-flight” emergency or stressful situations and perpares the body for strenuous physical activity. (源自 T5 T10 & L1 L2在腹神经节和肠系膜上下N节换元),交感N sympathetic nerve,NE,胃肠平滑肌 血管平滑肌 消化腺,运动及分泌,内在N元,副:延髓背核 疑核,迷走N,
5、盆N,S,2-4,运动及分泌,内在N元 胃肠平滑肌 血管平滑肌 消化腺,Myenteric plexus (肌间N丛) Submucous plexus (粘膜下N丛),Intrinsic plexus (内在N丛):,包括感觉、中间、运动神经元构成一个完整 且相对独立的整合系统,胃肠运动及分泌,Section 2 The Movement and Regulation of Digestive Tract (消化管的运动及调节),The movement of digestive tract (消化道的运动): Mastication (咀嚼) Deglutition (吞咽) Gastro
6、intestinal movement (胃肠运动),Reflex (反射): Any response that occurs automatically without conscious effort. (在NS的参与下对刺激的规律性应答) Reflex arc (反射弧): The components of a reflex arc include a receptor, afferent pathway, integrating center, efferent pathway, and effector. (感受器 传入N N中枢 传出N 效应器 ),1. Gastric mov
7、ement (胃的运动) (1)Receptive relaxation(胃的容受性舒张) Definition: food stimulate the receptors in pharynx and esophagus, through vagus nerve arouse relaxation of fundus and body of stomach muscle. (食物刺激咽、食管等处感受器经迷走神经反射性引起胃底、胃体肌舒张) significance,肽类纤维?,(2)Tonic contraction (紧张性收缩) (3)Peristalsis (蠕动),Gastric B
8、ER (胃的基本电节律): It stems from longitudinal muscle of greater curvature, 35 times per minutes, amplitude is about 515 mv. (起源于胃大弯的纵行肌层,每分钟35次,振幅约515 mv ),Function of peristalsis (蠕动) : Lead to ample mixing of chyme and digestive juice, this is facilitated for chemical digestion. 使食糜与消化液充分混合,利于化学性消化, Mi
9、ll food (mechanical digestion) 磨碎食物 (即机械性消化) Push chyme 推进食糜,2.Gastric Emptying and Its Regulation (胃的排空及其控制),Definition: The process that food enter into duodenum from stomach. (食物由胃排入12指肠的过程),(1)胃排空 (gastric emptying),Emptying velocity (排空速度): Sugarproteinfat; Sparse, thin, isosmotic quick (稀、细、等渗
10、 快) (反之则慢),(2) Regulation of gastric emptying (胃排空的调控),Entogastric factors accelerate emptying (胃内因素促进排空): Entogastric food(Nr) (胃内食物) Gastrin (Hr) (胃泌素),Factors of duodenum inhibit emptying (12脂肠因素抑制排空): Gastrointestinal reflex(Nr)(肠胃反射) Enterogastrone (Hr) (肠抑胃素),Emptying process (排空过程):,Entogastr
11、ic food(胃内食物) emptying stopped (排空停止) motility of the stomach (胃运动) 胃运动 幽门括约肌舒张 幽门括约肌收缩 胃内压12指肠内压,N (肠胃反射) H (肠抑胃素),Nr.Hr,排空,肠内胃酸被中和 食物被消化吸收,3. The movements of small intestine (小肠的运动),(1)Tonic contraction (紧张性收缩) Functions: Maintain basic pressure (维持基础压力) The basis of movements (是肠运动的基础) Fix and k
12、eep shape of small intestine (维持小肠的位置形状),(2)Segmentation contraction (分节运动),Functions: It can lead to ample mixing of chyme and digestive juice, this is facilitated for chemical digestion. (使食糜与消化液充分混合,利于化学性消化) It can accelerate close contact of chyme and intestinal wall ,this is facilitated for abs
13、orption. (使食糜与肠壁紧密接触,利于吸收), It can press intestinal wall, accelerate blood and lymph circumfluence. (挤压肠壁而促进血液、淋巴回流) (3)Peristalsis (蠕动) Peristalsis function : push chyme (推进食糜),(4)Large intestinal movement and defecation (大肠运动和排便) The movement forms of large intestine (大肠运动形式),1)袋状往返运动 2)分节或多袋推进运动
14、3) Peristalsis (蠕动) (mass peristalsis,集团蠕动),Brain stem , cerebral cortex (脑干、大脑皮层) S2-S4 直肠牵张R,盆N,阴 部 N,腹肌膈肌,粪,粪,降结肠 乙状结肠 直肠,收 缩,内括约肌松驰,Defecation reflex (排便反射),外括约肌松驰,(5)Regulation of digestive tract (消化管运动的调节),Electrical activity (电活动) BER AP Nerve factors (神经因素) Sympathetic nerve (-) gastrointest
15、inal movement 交感N (-) 胃肠运动 Vagus nerve (+) gastrointestinal movement 迷走N (+) 胃肠运动,Intraparietal nerve plexus (壁内N丛) : Regulating gastrointestinal movement (调节胃肠运动) Cerebral cortex(大脑皮层) : Interest for food effects digestion. Psychogenic enterorrhea (对食物的好恶对消化的影响 精神性腹泻),3. Humoral factors (体液因素): Gas
16、trointestinal hormone (主胃肠激素):,Motilin (胃动素) Gastrin (胃泌素),抑胃肽 NE Secretin (促胰液素),movement,movement,Section 3 The Secretion and Regulation of Digestive Juice (消化液的分泌及调节),1.The secretion of saliva (唾液的分泌),(1)The characters 、components and functions of saliva (唾液性质与成分与作用) Moisten , dissolve food (湿润、溶
17、解食物) clean, protect mouth cavity (清洁、保护口腔) lubricate , hydrolyze amylum , kill bacteria (润滑 水解淀粉 杀菌),(2) The regulation of salivary secretion (唾液分泌的调节) Double excitation effect of sympathesis nerve and parasympathesis nerve (交感与副交感双重兴奋作用) Conditioned reflex (条件反射) Unconditioned reflex (非条件反射),2. Gas
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