美国课件3历史.ppt
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1、American History,Lecturer: Qin Jie,Aims,Get to know the general history of US Get to know the specific and significant events of US history Get to know the important historical figures,Beginning Periods,1. Early American History 2. The War of Independence,Before 1492,The Earliest Inhabitants,Around
2、20,000 years ago, a group of Asian people arrived in Central and South Americas by way of North America. These people were the ancestors of American Indians. Around 10,000 years ago, another group of Asian people came to the northern part of North America, and they were the ancestors of the later Es
3、kimos. When Columbus found the new continent, there were about 20 million Indians living in Americas Canada, mid-northern and the southern parts of the U.S. , Mexico.,Discovery,In late 15th-century Europe, there was a great demand for spices, textiles and dyes from Asia. Christopher Columbus, a mari
4、ner from Italy believed that he could reach the Far East by sailing from Europe. In 1492, Columbus persuaded the queen of Spain to finance his voyage to Asia, but he reached America at last, and he called the native people “Indians.” The Spanish established some settlements in todays Florida, New Me
5、xico and California.,Discovery,The reasons of Europeans coming to America (3Gs): 1. The need for increased trade; 2. The zeal of Spanish priests to convert the native Indians to Christianity; 3. The need of European religious and political dissenters for refuge from persecution in their homelands; 4
6、. The thirst for adventure.,English Settlements,The first successful English colony in America was founded at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. Of the first 105 colonists, 73 died of hunger and disease within seven months of their arrival. One group of English Puritans crossed the Atlantic in the ship Ma
7、yflower and settled at Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620. A much larger Puritan colony was established in the Boston area in 1630.,English Settlements,The British colonies in North America were also occupied by many non-British national groups: Germans settled in Pennsylvania, Swedes founded the colon
8、y of Delaware, and African slaves first arrived in Virginia in 1619. In 1626 Dutch settlers purchased Manhattan Island from local Indians and built the town of New Amsterdam; in 1664 the settlement was captured by the English and renamed New York.,Colonial Era,The U.S. never had a feudal aristocracy
9、. Land was plentiful and labor was scarce; every free man had an opportunity to achieve economic independence. The English king appointed many of the colonial governors, but they all had to rule in cooperation with an elected assembly. Voting was restricted to landowning white males.,Colonial Era,By
10、 1733 English settlers had occupied 13 colonies along the Atlantic coast. Connecticut, New Hampshire, New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Rhode Island, and Maryland.,Highlights in the Beginnings,Religious issue Aboriginal In
11、dians and Whites,E.g.1 Catholic Maryland The Third Colony in America 1. Founder of the Maryland 2. The feudal system 3. Influence of the feudal system,Maryland was founded by the Catholics. George Calvert Lord Baltimore,George Calvert,A Document of Maryland,Lord Baltimore,Cecil Calvert (1606-1675) G
12、eorge Calverts son and heir. In 1632, he became the second Baron of Baltimore and the first Lord of Maryland.,Maryland,Decrees in Maryland,Each gentleman brought 5 servants was allowed to establish a manor of 2000 acres. Each freeholder was given 100 acres of land plus another 100 acres for his wife
13、, 100 acres for a servant, and 50 acres for each of his children. But the freeholders could not enjoy the rights and privileges as a gentleman.,Policies in Maryland,1. In order to develop the colony, he had to attract as many settlers as possible. 2. The protestant settlers soon far outnumbered the
14、Catholics. 3. In 1648, he appointed a Protestant governor, and the Maryland Toleration Act was passed and assured the freedom of worship to all who believed in Jesus Christ.,E.g. 2 Quaker Pennsylvania,The fourth colonial pattern in America 1. Founder of the colony 2. Quakers 3. Quakers Doctrine,Will
15、iam Penn,Quakers,Quakers,Quakers,American Beginnings,The term “Quaker” was coined by their enemies because the Quakers were so faithful to God that when they spoke of God, they trembled. They are Protestants, but they hold different religious beliefs from Catholics and Puritans and other Protestant
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