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1、simile,Similes are comparisons that show how two things that are not alike in most ways are similar in one important way. Similes are a way to describe something. Authors use them to make their writing more interesting or entertaining. 明喻指的是对两个不同种类对象之间的相似点所作的比喻。,Generally speaking, in these two diff
2、erent kinds of objects, one is abstract while the other is specific. Similes are quite obvious. Similes use the words “as” or “like” to make the connection between the two things that are being compared. 明喻表示的是 A is like B. (A像B) 从结构上来说,明喻包括本体(subject or tenor)和喻体(reference or vehicle)和比喻词,本体指的是被比喻的
3、对象。 喻体指的是用来做比喻的对象。 比喻词用在本体和喻体之间起到连接或介绍的作用(如as, like, as as) Similes can show a certain characteristic or cause a kind of feeling, in other words, it can attain the rhetorical purpose.,Examples: 1. Playing chess with Ashley is like trying to outsmart a computer. 2. His temper was as explosive as a vo
4、lcano. 3. I really like Patty. Her heart is as soft as a feather pillow. 4. Be careful when you go out. The sidewalk is as slippery(光滑的) as greased(涂油脂的) glass.,metaphor,A metaphor, like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied ra
5、ther than stated. Unlike similes that use the words “as” or “like” to make a comparison,metaphors state that something is something else. 即A is B (A是B),A metaphor is in a sense a condensed simile. In metaphors, we can usually feel the power and clarity of language, especially that of the details. On
6、 the other hand, we are likely to be attracted by it, because it can express some kinds of feelings and attitudes.,1. Brian was a wall, bouncing every tennis ball back over the net. 2. We would have had more pizza to eat if Tammy hadnt been such a hog. 3. Cindy was such a mule(骡子). We couldnt get he
7、r to change her mind. (She was stubborn固执的) 4. The poor rat didnt have a chance. Our old cat, a bolt of lightning, caught his prey.,Synecdoche 提喻,a figure of speech by which a part is put for the whole (as fifty sail for fifty ships), the whole for a part (as society for high society), the species(类
8、) for the genus(种) (as cutthroat for assassin), the genus for the species (as a creature for a man), or the name of the material for the thing made (as boards for stage),A. The part for the whole,1. hand: a) member of a ships crew eg: All hands on deck b) worker, laborer, helper eg: They were short
9、of hands at harvest time. 2. head: person eg: He paid the workers five dollars per head.,3) heart: brave fellow eg: Yet there are some stout(勇敢的,坚强的) hearts who attempted resistance. 4) legs: persons on foot; the infantry eg: The legs could hardly keep up with the tanks.,B. The whole for the part,1)
10、 Name of country for group of people of that country: eg: Australia beat Canada at cricket. 2) Vehicle for engine, machine for mechanism of machine itself, etc. eg: The car conked(发生故障) out. The radio is out of order. 3) Person for part of his body eg: Then the doctor cut me open and took out the ap
11、pendix(阑尾).,C. The species for the genus, or the genus for the species,1) Alas, that Spring should vanish with the Rose! (Edward Fitzgerald) (rose=flowers in general; the species for the genus) 2) What a despicable(卑鄙的) creature he is! (creature=man; the genus for the species),D. Name of material for the thing made,1) He walked the boards for a living. (the boards=the stage) 2) She was dressed in silks and satins. (silks and satins=dresses made of silk and satin缎子) 3) Cotton suits you. (cotton=garments made of cotton),Thank you for your listening!,
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