Body Language in Intercultural Communication 英语专业毕业论文.doc
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1、Body Language in Intercultural Communication Contents 摘 要 i Abstractii 1. Introduction1 1.1 Definition of Body Language 1 1.2 The Significance of Body Language1 2. Classification and Function of Body Language.2 2.1Classification of Body Language2 2.1.1 Classification According to Body Parts2 2.1.2 C
2、lassified By the Way of the Movements 5 2.1.3 The Most Common Ways of Classification5 2.2Function of Body Language6 3. The Differences and Application of Body Language 7 3.1 The Distance 7 3.2 Eye Contact9 3.3 Gesture .9 3.4 Postures12 3.4.1 The Same Posture Conveying Different Meanings in Different
3、 Cultures 12 3.4.2 Different Posture Conveying the Same Meaning in Different Cultures .14 3.5 Facial Expression.14 3.6 Touch .15 4. The Change of Modern Body Language16 5. Conclusion .17 Bibliography 18 i 摘 要 身势语作为非语言交际,在跨文化交际中有着不可忽视的重要作用。无论 一个人是坐着还是站着,是微笑亦或是眨眼,他都在传递着一定的信息。每个 国家都有自己的文化,所以身势语言也不尽相同。即
4、使是在同一个文化地域, 有时候相同的身势语言可能也会有不同的含义。例如,一个人微笑可能是因为 他高兴,因为他想表达他对说话对象的友善、赞同和满意的态度,但也可能是 心生不满而暗地讽刺所不自觉表露的出来的表情。另外,当一个人极度悲伤的 时候,也可能会用笑来掩饰内心的痛苦。根据维基百科的记录,在一个人所传 递出的信息中,有 60%-70%的信息是来自于非语言的行为,即,身势语。所以, 只有了解其他国家和文化的人在说话同时所表现出来的手势、身体的姿势、眼 神等等身势语,才能与他们进行准确有效的交流。本文旨在详细分析各肢体语 言的功能,及在不同国家肢体语言的差异与应用,以达到流畅无阻,合理有效 的中外
5、交流。 关键词:身势语 中外交流 功能 ii Abstract Body language, which is the nonverbal behavior, plays a vital role in intercultural communication. One sits, stands, smiles, winks, etc,all can convey his information, attitude and emotion. Each body language in different country has different meaning. Even on particu
6、lar occasion, the same body language in the same country may have different significance. For example, we can observe ones smile when he is speaking, which can indicate his happiness, friendliness, approval, satisfaction, satire, dread, sadness and etc. According to Wikipedia, research has suggested
7、 that between 60 and 70 percent of all meaning is derived from nonverbal behavior. So in order to communicate effectively in a foreign language, one should know the gestures, body movements, mannerisms. that accompany a particular language. This paper explains in detail on body language functions, d
8、ifferences and application in intercultural communication for the purpose of fluent and effective communication. Key words: body language, intercultural communication, function 1 1. Introduction 1.1 Definition of Body Language According to Wikipedia, Body language is a form of nonverbal communicatio
9、n, consisting of body pose, gestures, and eye movements. Humans send and interpret such signals unconsciously. Body language, which goes with the verbal communication, is an important tool of human communication. In general sense, the study of body language began in 1950s. The Oxford Advanced Learne
10、rs English-Chinese Dictionary definition is: “Body language is not a language in the strict sense of the word language. Body language is expressing how one feels by ones sitting, standing, moving, etc, rather by word.” The Oxford English dictionary (revised 2005) definition is:” Body language, noun,
11、 the conscious and unconscious movements and postures by which attitudes and feelings are communicated. For example: his intent was clearly expressed in his body language.” 1.2 The Significance of Body Language People couldnt live without each other because we are social beings. As soon as we are in
12、 contact with others we are communicating. It is quite significance to talk with other when a person tells others who has been the winner of yesterdays football match, when he would like to know how his sons performance at school, when he buy some beef home to make steak. Still, those words are inad
13、equate. For example, we cant tell each other easily that how we feel about each other, or how the word of a message to be interpreted. To make such meaning more clearly we use body language. Somebody was watching TV, reading newspapers, listening to radio, chatting, or even he expressed his look whi
14、le sitting silently, which indicates that he is communicating with others all the time. Even Language is an important tool of human communication, it is not the only tool. It is impossible not to have the verbal behavior in humans communication, but the non-verbal communication goes with the verbal
15、2 communication. Body language is different from speaking because it could be used between different countries. In other words, everybody uses body language. The people from one country can communicate with another from outside country by body language. However, each nation has his own culture and c
16、ustom. The large numbers of it are quite different, even are contrary. The wrong way to use it may lead to confusion. Whats more, the wrong body language that used between international communications may lead to misunderstanding between two countries. Body language is a way to express ones inner wo
17、rld noiselessly. It is the most outstanding tool of non-verbal communication. Body language is irreplaceable, which can represent peoples psychological activities richly and accurately. According to psychological statistics, the 50% messages are conveyed by body language between a face-to-face commu
18、nications. Evidence said that the average time of speaking only account for 10% of the time of ones daily communication. It means that the time for communication except speaking is using body language, consciously or not. Even on some occasion, it is better to use body language to express than speak
19、ing. Just as an old saying goes, the moment when silence could speak much more than speech. 2. Classification and Function of Body Language 2.1Classification of Body Language 2.1.1 Classification According to Body Parts The first kind is body language about hands and arm. This kind of body language
20、is used with hands, arm or fingers. For example, salute, snap ones finger at/in somebodys face, lay a finger on somebody/something, thumb ones nose at somebody, thumb a lift, and etc. The second one is about face. It always expresses by eyebrows, eyes, nose or mouth. Such as make sheeps eyes at some
21、body, frown, pout, tip somebody the wink, and etc. The third kind is about head, which often do it with 3 head as nodding. Then is the fourth one with shoulder. For instance, shrug ones shoulder. The last but not the least is the kind with leg such as stamp ones foot, keel down and kick. The author
22、makes the followed table for a better understanding. Part of body signal Possible meanings (in large majority of countries) Finger pointing at a person Aggression, threat, emphasis Hand on heart Believed Finger pointing in the air. Hand chop Emphasis Forefinger and middle finger curving up and down
23、Quote-unquote Index finger and thumb touching at tips Satisfaction, OK Thumb(s) up Positive approval, agreement, all well Thumb(s) down Disapproval failure Rubbing hands together Anticipation, relish Hand(s) clamped over mouth Suppression, shock Touching or scratching nose, while speaking Lying or e
24、xaggeration Crossed arms Defensiveness, reluctance Gripping own upper arms Insecurity One arm across body clasping other arm by side Nervousness (women use this gesture. Men tend not to.) Hands and arm Arms held behind body Confidence, authority 4 with hands clasped Looking right Creating, fabricati
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