写作Unit5ResearchPaperwriting--byWHZ.ppt
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1、Research Paper,Chapter 5,Outline,Definition General steps Sections comprising a research paper,Definition,A research paper is a presentation of a researchers investigations on a selected topic backed up by the ideas or information of others in the field.,Steps to a research paper,Choosing the topic
2、Specific topics make better papers than very broad or general ones. A broad topic: The Importance of Economics A specific topic: International Cooperation as Exemplified by the World Bank,It is aimed to tell other people your findings and claims on a selected topic.,Collecting information,Bibliograp
3、hical information,When gathering second-hand information, jot down full bibliographical information (author, title, place of publication, publisher, date of publication, page numbers, URLs, creation or modification dates on Web pages, and your date of access) on your work sheet for later retrieval.,
4、Evaluating materials Analyze, synthesize, sort and digest the information collected.,Outlining the paper An outline helps you to think through your topic carefully and organize it logically before you start writing.,A Sample outline I. Introduction II. Body A. Weight control 1. Aids self-control 2.
5、Burns calories 3. Encourages a healthy diet 4. Suppresses appetite B. Psychological well-being 1. Aids sleep 2. Inhibits depression 3. Intensifies vitality III. Conclusion,Write a rough draft; Revise the draft as often as necessary; Edit the format of the text, citations, notes and bibliography acco
6、rding to the requirements of a journal you want to contribute this paper.,Writing the paper,Overview of a Research Paper,The front matter The body The end matter,The front matter,Title: Research theme Authors name(s) Abstract: Conceptional description (the scope); Procedures and methodology; Main fi
7、ndings, conclusion and implications or suggestions key words : Terms to generalize research concerns,The body,Introduction method results or findings discussion and conclusion,Introduction,The purpose and background of present study The scope and focus to develop the study Problems, argumentation an
8、d hypothesis,Method,Theoretical framework or models and research design Experimental apparatus and procedures Descriptions of data treatment,Results or Findings,Figures (graphs, tables and diagrams) Generalization of the results Comments or explanations of the results,Discussion and Conclusion,A bri
9、ef review of original hypothesis and other researchers findings Highlights or further explanations of the findings of the present study Limitations of the dstudy Suggesting implications,The end matter,references and appendixes Following one of the two main types of reference formats: APA and MLA,Abs
10、tract Writing,An abstract describes the main content of a paper and appears at the very beginning of the paper. An abstract has to be interesting and informative. As electronic publication databases are the primary means of finding research papers in many subject areas today, abstracts have become i
11、ncreasingly important. So everything relevant to potential readers should be in the abstract.,Two types of abstract,Informative abstract extracts everything relevant from the paper, including the primary research objective or purpose, method employed in solving the problems, principal findings or re
12、sults, and major conclusions and serves as a substitute for the full paper.,Descriptive abstract outlines the topics covered in the paper and is like a table of contents in paragraph form. But it does not capture the specific content of the paper, owing to which it is less common.,Structure of an in
13、formative abstract,BackgroundWhy do you want to do the research? Research question What question are you trying to answer and what is the research topic of your paper? MethodHow (what material, what method, and what procedures do you get answers to your research question? ResultsWhat is your answer
14、to the question? ConclusionWhat implications does the answer imply?,Features of an abstract,Concise Objective Consistent Complete Brief,Useful expressions,To define the background and argument of the present study Although (the research subject), (the related problem) is as yet undetermined. (The re
15、search subject); however, (the related problem)remains unsolved.,(Problems in certain research area) are, yet (the present solution) has frequently been questioned, because While (the debate on certain research subject) seems to, (the present agreement) is still problematic. (Previous studies) have
16、examined,( the related problem) is that,despite,This paper advances the view that The purpose/intention of this paper is that The primary goal/aim of this paper is that The work /investigation presented in this paper focuses on This research is designed to determine/ measure/evaluate The author inte
17、nds/attempts to outline the framework of/obtain some knowledge of,To state the purpose of the present study,To present results, findings and conclusion,The results are as follows The results of the experiment indicate/suggest that; it is also found that The analysis of the sample indicates that The
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