美国文学课件1.ppt
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1、,Unit 5 American Literature,Introduction Brief Outline of American Literature Part I Colonial Period Part II Revolutionary Period Benjamin Franklin Philip Freneau Part III American Romanticism Washington Irving James Fenimore Cooper Edgar Allan Poe Nathaniel Hawthorne,Part IV Realism(1861-1914) Mark
2、 Twain Henry James Naturalism Stephen Crane Theodore Dreiser Part V The 1920s T.S. Eliot William Faulkner Ernest Hemingway(Lost Generation) Imagism Ezra Pound,Part VI The 1930s Steinbeck Harlem Renaissance (Black American literature) Hughes Wright Ellison Part VII American Drama Eugene ONeill Part V
3、III The Post-war Scene Saul Bellow Salinger,Introduction,What is literature? Writings that are valued as works of art, esp. fiction, drama and poetry. Forms (genres) of literature? Poetry, novel (fiction), drama, prose, essay, epic, elegy, short story, journalism, sermon, (auto) biography, travel ac
4、counts, novelette, etc.,Puritanism in America,They follow the ideas of the Swiss reformer John Calvin. Doctrines: - Predestination - Original sin and total depravity (human beings are basically evil.) - Limited atonement (or the Salvation of a selected few) Puritan values (creeds): Hard work, thrift
5、, piety, sobriety, simple tastes. Puritans are more practical, tougher, and to be ever ready for any misfortune and tragic failure. They are optimistic.,Puritanism in America,Why did Puritans come to America? - to reform the Church of England - to have an entirely new church - to escape religious pe
6、rsecution * Gods chosen people * To seek a new Garden of Eden * To build “City of God on earth”,Puritanism in America,Influence - American Puritanism was one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and American literature. - American literature is based on a myth, i.e. the Biblic
7、al myth of the Garden of Eden. - Puritanism can be compared with Chinese Confucianism.,Brief Outline of American literature,1. Colonial period (1607-1775) Anne Bradstreet Edward Taylor 2. Revolutionary period (1775-1783) Benjamin Franklin Philip Freneau 3. Democratic Period (1783-1802) 4. Romanticis
8、m (1820-1861) Washington Irving Edgar Allan Poe Nathaniel Hawthorne William Whitman * Transcendentalism * (New England Renaissance) Ralph Waldo Emerson Fillip Thoreau,Brief Outline of American literature,5. Realism (1861-1914) Mark Twain Henry James Naturalism: Stephen Crane Theodore Dreiser 6. The
9、1920s T.S. Eliot William Faulkner Ernest Hemingway (Lost Generation) Imagism: Ezra Pound,Brief Outline of American literature,7. The 1930s John Steinbeck Harlem Renaissance (Black American literature) Hughes Wright Ellison 8. American Drama Eugene ONeill,9. The Post-war Scene Saul Bellow Salinger Po
10、etry: Confessional Poetry Black Mountain Poets San Francisco Renaissance The Beat Generation The New York Poets,Colonial Period (1607-1775),Part One,Three major poets in colonial period:,Anne Bradstreet Michael Wigglesworth Edward Taylor,1. Anne Bradstreet (1612-1672),the first noted poetess in colo
11、nial period,.,(1)Anne Bradstreets Works “Some verses on the Burning of Our House” “The Spirit and the Flesh” The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America (2)Anne Bradstreets Life * She was born and educated in England. * At the age of 18, she came to America in 1630 with her father and husband. * She
12、had 8 children. * She became known as the “Tenth Muse” who appeared in America,2. Michael Wigglesworth (1631-1705),the most popular poet in American Colonial Period Work: “The Day of Doom” (1662),3. Edward Taylor (1642?-1729),the finest poet in colonial period Work: Preparatory Meditation,Features o
13、f Colonial Poets,They were servants of God. They faithfully imitated and transplanted English literary traditions.,In English style,Puritan poets,Part Two,Revolutionary Period (1775-1783),“The Age of Reason” “American Enlightenment”,Leading writers and their works,Thomas Jefferson(1743-1826): The De
14、claration of Independence (1776) Thomas Paine(1737-1809): Common Sense (1776) Benjamin Franklin Autobiography Philip Freneau “The Wild Honey Suckle”,1. Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790),(1) Works,The Autobiography Poor Richards Almanack,自传,格言历书,(2) Life,He was born into a poor candle-makers family. He h
15、ad very little education. He learned in school only for two years, but he was a voracious reader. At 12, he was apprenticed to his elder half-brother, a printer. At 16, he began to publish essays under the pseudonym “Silence Do good” . At 17, he ran away to Philadelphia to make his own fortune. He s
16、et himself up as an independent printer and publisher. In 1727 he founded the Junto club.,Franklins Contributions to Science,He was also remembered for effective street lighting, the Franklin stove, bifocal glasses and efficient heating devices. And for his lightning-rod, he was called “the new Prom
17、etheus who had stolen fire from heaven.”,Franklins Contributions to Society,He helped found the Pennsylvania Hospital. He founded an academy which led to the University of Pennsylvania. And he helped found the American Philosophical Society.,Franklins Contributions to the U.S. He was the only Americ
18、an to sign the four documents that created the United States: The Declaration of Independence, The Treaty of Alliance with France, The Treaty of Peace with England, The Constitution,Benjamin Franklin was a spokesman for the new order of the 18th century enlightenment The Autobiography is a record of
19、 self-examination and self-improvement. The Autobiography is a how-to-do-it book, a book on the art of self-improvement. (for example, Franklins 13 virtues) Through telling a success story of self-reliance, the book celebrates, in fact, the fulfillment of the American dream. The Autobiography is in
20、the pattern of Puritan simplicity, directness, and concision.,(3) Evaluation,2. Philip Freneau (1752-1832),“Poet of the American Revolution” “Father of American Poetry” “Pioneer of the New Romanticism” “A gifted and versatile lyric poet”,Part Three,American Romanticism (1820-1860),General Introducti
21、on,Romanticism The term, Romanticism, is associated with imagination and boundlessness, as contrasted with classicism, which is commonly associated with reason and restriction. The most profound and comprehensive idea of romanticism is the vision of a greater personal freedom for the individual.,Rom
22、antic Attitudes,1. Appeals to imagination; use of the “willing suspension of disbelief.“ 2. Stress on emotion rather than reason; optimism, geniality. 3. Subjectivity: in form and meaning.,Time Range From the end of the 18th century through the outbreak of the Civil War. Ideals: Ideals: Democracy an
23、d political equality became the ideals of the new nation.,Social Background,Economic boom: Industrialism Immigration Westward expansion,optimism and hope among people,Features,American Romanticism was both imitative and independent. Imitative Independent Emerson and Whitman,English and European Roma
24、nticists,1.Washington Irving (1783-1859),“Father of American Imaginative literature” “Father of the American short story”,1) Works,a) A History of New York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty by Diedrich Knickerbocker,纽约外史,b) The Sketch Book,“Rip Van Winkle” “The Legend o
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