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1、,Jonathan Swift ( 1667-1745 ),introduce,Swift is one of the greatest masters of English prose A famous satirical novelist of England in the 18th Century, he won his reputation by his artistic irony, vivid language and simple style. Swift is a master satirist .Even Today, he is still regarded as a na
2、tional hero in Ireland.,Introduce,Jonathan swift ,a posthumous child(遗腹子),was born in Dublin ,of a poor English family, and he was compelled to accept aid from relatives ,who gave it grudgingly(吝啬地)。 Through the generosity of an uncle, he was educated at Kilkenny grammar School and then trinity coll
3、age in Dublin.(都柏林三一学院),Introduce,Between 1689 and 1699 he works as a private secretary to a distant kinship Sir William Temple, a retired diplomat. And there he also received a first-rate education in politics through contact with Temple and many other well-known politicians, learning much about th
4、e vice, hypocrisy, deception and corruption in the political word.,Swift returned to Ireland in 1699,as a parish priest in Dublin.On account of the transaction of the church he often go to London,then involved in London the Whigs and the Tories.Then valued by the Tory leader,he soon become a veritab
5、le dictator. In 1714,The Tories lose power,then he come back to Ireland.and be the priest of St Patricks Cathedral. Died in 1745.10.19,works,给斯黛拉的日记(1710-1713)Journal to Stella 布商的信(1724,1725)Drapiers Letters 比克斯塔夫先生的历书Bicker Staff Almanac 比克斯塔夫先生的辩护Vindication of Isaac Bicker Staff 对1708的预言Predicti
6、ons for the Year 1708书的战争(1704)The Battle of the Books 一只桶的故事(1704)A Tale of a Tub,works,一个温和的建议(1729)A Modest Proposal Is an essay that use satire to make its point: Ireland falls in poverty and overpopulation .poor female baggers with their children ,people in Ireland lack of nation loyalty, the E
7、nglish government is devouring Ireland .swift suggests in his essay that the impoverished Irish might ease their economic troubles by selling children as food for rich gentlemen and ladies,Satire,Satire A common form of the 18th Century, basically the ridiculing of any objects through laughter which
8、 will soften the blow Different types and degrees: light or harsh 讽刺是一种文学手法,用于暴露对象的缺点和可笑之处,常采用夸张或反讽(irony)等方式,从而产生幽默的效果。),Gullivers Travels,格利佛游记:Gullivers Travels Written in the form of a travel journal, Gullivers Travels is the fictional account of four extraordinary voyages made by Lemuel Gullive
9、r, a physician who signs on to serve as a ships surgeon when he is unable to provide his family with a sufficient income in London.,Gullivers Travels,Gullivers Travels serves as a biting satire, and Swift ensures that it is both humorous and critical, constantly attacking British and European societ
10、y through its descriptions of imaginary countries. The first voyage has been interpreted as an allegorical satire of the political events of the early eighteenth century, a commentary on the moral state of England.,Travels in Lilliput,The first part tell about his experience in Lilliput, where the i
11、nhabitants are only six inches tall , (1 inch=2.54cm).twelve times smaller than normal human beings. The emperor believed himself to be the delight and terror of the universe, But it appeared quite absurd to Gulliver who was twelve times as tall as he ,In his account of the two parties in the countr
12、y, distinguished by the use of high and low heels. Swift satirizes the Tories and the Whigs in England.,Travels in Lilliput,Religious dispute were laughed at in an account of a problem which divided the Lilliputians: should eggs be broken at the big end or the little end?” .,Travels in Brobdingnag,G
13、ulliver finally escapes Lilliput and returns briefly to England before a second voyage takes him to Brobdingnag. While on shore, Gulliver is captured by giants, each of whom is the size of a water-tower. Gulliver found himself a dwarf among men sixty feet height,Travels in Brobdingnag,On the whole,
14、the Brobdingnagians are good-natured creatures, and they treat Gulliver kindly, though they are amused by his tiny size and looked upon him as a plaything,Travels in Brobdingnag,Gulliver abruptly departs Brobdingnag when a giant eagle flies off with him and drops him in the ocean. Then picked up by
15、a passing ship.,Travels in Flying island,He soon embarks on his third voyage to the flying island of Laputa Laputa is a mysterious land inhabited by scientists, magicians, and sorcerers(男巫) who engage in ridiculous experiment. Where the philosophers and projects devote all their time and energy to t
16、he study of some absurd problem.,Travels in Flying island,Their scientists are engaged in projects for exacting sunbeams out of cucumbers, turning ice into gunpowder and making cloth from cobweb, It is a parody on scholastics and projects.,Travels in Houyhnhnm,Once again Gulliver returns to England
17、before a final journey, to the land of the Houyhnhnm There is no evil, no lie, no illness, no power, no war, no government, no law, no punishment and thousands of other things that exists in our society.,Travels in Houyhnhnm,Travels in Houyhnhnm,Yahoos, a vile(极坏的) and depraved race of ape-like crea
18、tures.,Travels in Houyhnhnm,Gulliver is eventually exiled from Houyhnhnm society when the horses gently insist that Gulliver must return to live among his own kind. After this fourth and final voyage, he returns to England, where he has great difficulty adjusting to everyday life. All people everywh
19、ere remind him of the Yahoos.,Summary,The novel is a fantasy and a realistic work of fiction. The language, as is typical of all Swifts works, is very simple, unadorned, straightforward and effective. It is noted for its exceptionally tidy structural arrangement. The four seemingly independent parts are linked up by the central idea of social satire and make up an organic whole.,Thank you,
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