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1、动动 名名 词词 一、动名词的形式一、动名词的形式 主动形式被动形式 一般式 doingbeing done 完成式 having done having been done 二. 动名词的功能及用法 1 1动名词(短语)做主语动名词(短语)做主语,如: Writing the book has taken up all his spare time. Seeing is believing. 注注:动名词(短语)做主语还常用于下列结构:动名词(短语)做主语还常用于下列结构: a. Its no use sending him over. Its too late already. Its n
2、o good talking a lot without doing anything. Its a waste of time arguing about it. b. Theres no joking about such matters. Theres no saying what hell be doing next. Theres no telling what hes going to do. 注:动名词作主语动名词作主语与不定式作主语不定式作主语的区别 : 动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或泛指的 动作,一般不与特定的动作执行者联系在一 起;不定式作主语通常表示具体的动作或行 为,往往
3、与特定的动作执行者联系在一起, 如:Its no use crying over spilt milk. (抽象) He realized that to go on like this was no use. (具体) 在实际运用中,一般可以互换,差异不大。在实际运用中,一般可以互换,差异不大。但在下但在下 列几种情况中不能互换:列几种情况中不能互换: a. 当表语是动名词时,主语也要用动名词;当表 语是不定式时,主语也要用不定式,如: Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. b. 动名词和不定式作主语,一般都可以使用形式 主语it it,而将动
4、名词或不定式放在句尾。但是在下 列句型中,一般宜用动名词,不宜用不定式来代替 : Its no use doing Its no good doing Its a waste of time doing 例如: Its no use going there today; he wont be at home. Its a waste of time arguing about it. Its no good waiting here. Lets walk home. 而在Its important / Its necessary / Its advisable / Its essential
5、/ Its fitting 这类句型中,只能用不定式,如: Its important to learn foreign languages. Its quite necessary to read it many times. 2 2动名词(短语)作表语,如:动名词(短语)作表语,如: Their job is building houses.Their job is building houses. 注注:动名词作表语与不定式作表语的区别:动名词作表语与不定式作表语的区别: 动名词作表语时表示比较抽象的一般行为、习动名词作表语时表示比较抽象的一般行为、习 惯;不定式作表语时表示具体的某一次
6、动作,特别惯;不定式作表语时表示具体的某一次动作,特别 是将来的动作,试比较:是将来的动作,试比较: My My favouritefavourite sport is swimming. sport is swimming. The The first first thing thing for for us us to to do do is is to to improve improve our our pronunciation.pronunciation. 注注:动名词作表语动名词作表语与与现在分词作表语现在分词作表语的区的区 别:别: 动名词作表语时相当于名词,说明主语的 含义及
7、内容,它与主语是同等关系,主语与 表语互换位置不影响句子的基本含义,但不 可用副词来修饰。 现在分词作表语时相当于形容词,说明主 语特征、性质、状态等,主语与表语不可互 换位置,但可用very, quite等副词来修饰,如 : My job is looking after the children. Our duty is serving the people heart and soul. The situation is encouraging. This cake is very inviting. The volleyball match we watched was very ex
8、citing. 3 3动名词(短语)用作宾语的情况很多动名词(短语)用作宾语的情况很多,如: Hearing the words, she couldnt help thinking of her past bitterness. We all avoided mentioning that matter. 能用动名词作宾语的动词有两类: 一类是只能用动名词作宾语的动词,其中有: avoid, admit, consider, delay, advise, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, give up, cant help, imagine,
9、keep (on), dont mind, miss, practise, put off, stop, go on, resist, suggest等,如: 另一类是既可以用动名词,又可以用不 定式作宾语的动词,其中有:begin, cannot bear, continue, forget, hate, intend, like, love, plan, prefer, propose, regret, remember, start, try, want, need, cant afford等。 Mary is considering changing her job. I enjoy
10、working with you. Would you mind ringing me up tomorrow? 上述动词尽管可以带两种结构作宾语,但 用法不尽相同,需要注意下列几个情况: A.A. 在begin, start, cease, continue, cannot bear, hate, like, love, prefer, propose 等动词 后,两种结构意义无大的出入,如: She cant bear being laughed at / to be laughed at. 但是在下列情况下,通常用不定式不定式: a. 在would like / love / prefe
11、r / hate 后表示一 个特定的新动作时: Id like to buy a suit. Id hate to disappoint them. b. 当谓语动词已用进行时态时: The water is beginning / starting to boil. Im starting to work on my essay next week. c. 在begin 等后,非限定动词由某些状态动词 构成时(即:指心理状态或精神活动时): She began to believe his story. He began to realize that he was wrong. d. 当主
12、语是物,不是人时: The water started / began to boil. The ice started / began to melt. B.B. 在need, want, deserve等后,可用动名词 的主动式表示被动含义,或用不定式的被动 式,意义上无差别。但用动名词较为普遍, (这时主语一般是物),如: The door needs oiling / to be oiled. C.C. 有的动词尽管可以用两种结构,但意义 明显不同,须认真加以区别: I forgot to close the door before I left the room.I forgot h
13、aving closed the door. He tried to write better. (尽量努力地写) He tried writing with a brush. (用毛笔试 着写) I couldnt help finishing it. (不能不结束某事) I couldnt help to finish it. (不能帮助结束 某事) They left off fishing. (停止钓鱼) They left off to fish. (离开某处出发去钓鱼) I regret to say that there is no wine in the bottle. (对现
14、在要发生的事表示遗憾、抱歉) I regret not taking your advice. (后悔) 动名词(短语)还常常跟在短语动词之后 ,作介词的宾语。常见的有: insist on / think of / dream of / object to / hear of / prevent from / keep from / stop from / feel like / be engaged in / look forward to / depend on / thank for / excuse for / devote to / set about / spend in / g
15、et (be) used to / be fond of / be afraid of / be tired of / succeed in / be interested in / be proud of / burst out / give up 等, 4 4动名词(短语)可以和动名词(短语)可以和about, about, against, against, at, at, before, before, after, after, by, by, for, for, besides, besides, from, from, in, in, on, on, upon, upon, wi
16、thoutwithout等介词构成短语,在句中作状等介词构成短语,在句中作状 语,语,如: They broke in loud cheers on on hearing hearing the the newsnews. He warned me against swimming thereagainst swimming there. She left without saying good-bye to uswithout saying good-bye to us. Besides Besides cooking cooking and and sewingsewing, she ha
17、d to take care of the children. 5 5动名词(短语)可以和介词构成短语作定动名词(短语)可以和介词构成短语作定 语,语,如: He hasnt much experience in running in running factoriesfactories. Whats their reason for cancelling the for cancelling the English eveningEnglish evening? Have you any objection to going there on to going there on footfo
18、ot? He has little hope of passing his of passing his examinationsexaminations. They dont approve of his way of looking of looking at thingsat things. 6 6动名词还可以作定语,动名词还可以作定语,如: singing competition swimming pool dining car opening speech drinking cup living room typing paper waiting room writing desk
19、washing machine frying-pan sleeping-pill walking stick teaching method 注:注:动名词作定语表示被修饰名词的用途,它和名 词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系;而现在分词作定语 ,表示被修饰名词本身的动作、行为,它和名词之 间有逻辑上的主谓关系。 三、动名词的复合结构三、动名词的复合结构 动名词的复合结构就是前面带有代词或名动名词的复合结构就是前面带有代词或名 词的动名词结构。词的动名词结构。 有时为了明确动名词所表示的动作的执 行者,可以在动名词之前加上一个物主代词物主代词 或名词所有格名词所有格,来表示动名词逻辑上的主语 。有时也
20、可以用人称代词宾格或名词普通格 ,不过,这主要用于口语中。如: She wont hear of us leaving the villageus leaving the village. Do you object to Li Li Pings Pings joining joining the the physics groupphysics group? 注:如果不是在句子的开头,这个结构常 用名词的普通格或人称代词宾格,如: I dont like the idea of us / our not helping at all. I dont mind Jane buying anot
21、her one. 注:如果动名词的逻辑主语是表示无生命 的东西的名词,或不定代词,就只能用普通 格,不能用所有格,如: Is there any hope of your team winning the match? The boy was alarmed by someone knocking at the door. 动名词的复合结构有下列用法:动名词的复合结构有下列用法: 作主语: Their Their coming coming to to helphelp was a great encouragement to us. Nothing is worse than our our
22、 bowing bowing before before difficultiesdifficulties. Lao Lao LisLis (not: Li)goinggoing wont be of much help. 作表语: Our sole worry is your your relying relying too too much much on on yourselfyourself. 作宾语: Do you mind my reading your papermy reading your paper? Please excuse my interrupting youmy
23、interrupting you. 作介词宾语: They insisted on my staying there for suppermy staying there for supper. Do you think there will be any chance of my my seeing him againseeing him again? 四、动名词的完成形式与被动形式四、动名词的完成形式与被动形式 动名词的一般形式通常表示一般性动作(即不 是明确地在过去、现在或将来发生的动作)或是与 谓语所表示的动作同时发生的动作,如: They are all interested in
24、climbing mountains. He took a great delight in helping others. 如果要表示动名词代表的动作在谓语所表示的如果要表示动名词代表的动作在谓语所表示的 动作之前发生,通常用动名词的完成形式,动作之前发生,通常用动名词的完成形式,如: He didnt mention having met me. I regret not having taken her advice. I dont remember having ever promised you that. 注:注:在某些动词之后(或在成语中)常用( 或可以用)动名词的一般形式表示在
25、谓语动 作之前发生的动作,如: Excuse me for coming late. I dont remember ever seeing him anywhere. 当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这动作当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这动作 的承受者时,这个动名词一般要用被动形式,的承受者时,这个动名词一般要用被动形式,如: This question is far from being settledbeing settled. He did it without being askedbeing asked. They insisted on their their being
26、being treated treated as as ordinary ordinary workersworkers. He didnt mind being left at homebeing left at home. They couldnt stand being treated like that. 注:注:如果表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生, 有时需要用动名词的完成被动形式,如: I dont remember having ever been given a having ever been given a chance to try this method. chanc
27、e to try this method. 现在分词用法检测题 1.European football is played in 80 countries,_ it the most popular sport in the world. A.making B.makes C.made D.to make 2.She asked me to help her, _ that she couldnt move the heavy suitcase alone. A.only to realize B.realizing C.having been realized D.realized 3.Th
28、e salesman scolded the girl caught _and let her off. A.to have stolen B.to be stealing C.to steal D.stealing 4.There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed 5.Do you know the boy _ under the big tree? A.lay B.lain C.laying D.lying 6.
29、“Cant you read?”Mary said _ to the notice. A.angrily pointing B.and point angrily C.angrily pointed D.and angrily pointing 7.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A.having added B.to add C.adding D.added 8._ a reply,he decided to write
30、again. A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received 9.When he was a boy,he used to go there and watch _. A.to repair bicycles B.bicycles to be repaired C.bicycles being repaired D.repairing bicycles 10._,his face turned pale. A.Hearing the news B.When hearing the news
31、C.Having heard the news D.After he heard the news 11.Not until Jane got off the bus did she find her wallet _. A.missing B.missed C.losing D.miss 12.When I got back home, I saw a message pinned to the door_ “Sorry to miss you;Will call later.” A.read B.reads C.to read D.reading 动名词用法检测题 1.I would ap
32、preciate_ back this afternoon. A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D. youre calling 2.I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A.sail B.to sail C.sailing D.to have sailed 3._ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. A.The walk B. Walking C.To walk D.Walk 4._
33、You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. _Well,now I regret _ that. A.to do B. to be doing C.to have done D.having done 5.Only one of these books is_. A.worth to read B.worth being read C.worth of reading D.worth reading 6.The squirrel was lucky that it just missed_. A.catching B.to
34、 be caught C.being caught D.to catch 7.The boy is looking forward _ a gift. A.to be given B.to being given C.being given D.to give 8.Has the driver been used to _in all kinds of weather? A.drive B.drove C.driving D.be driving 9.Do you feel like _ or shall we go by bus? A.to walk B.walk C.walking D.t
35、o walking 10.Its no use _ me believe you. A.trying making B.trying to make C.trying to force D.to try to make 11.Our teacher suggested _ the exhibition once again. A.us to visit B.our visiting C.to visit D.our to visit 12.What worried the child most was _ to visit his mother in the hospital. A.his not allowing B.his not being allowed C.his being not allowed D.having not been allowed 13.As soon as he arrived home, he got down to _. A.developing his films. B.develop his films. C.to develop his films. D.developed his films. See you!
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