英语句子结构分析.ppt
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1、英语句子成分和英语 句子结构讲解及练习 v简单句的五个基本句型 v主语 不及物动词 She came. v主语 及物动词 宾语 She likes English. v主语 系动词 主语补语 vShe is happy v主语 动词 间接宾语 直接宾语 vShe gave John a book vShe bought a book for me. v主语 动词 宾语 宾语补语 vShe makes her mother angry vThe teacher asked me to read the passage. v( There +be There lies a book on the
2、desk. v主谓宾 v名代动词名代 vwe- saw -you. vwe- did -the work. v主系表 v名代系动词形容次名词代词 vyou are beautiful vyou seems worried. vyou are a stufent. v相同点都三部分,主语也一样 不同动词和系动 词,时态一样,否定式不同动词加助动词,系动 词不用 表语可以是形容词,宾语不行 只有宾 语有补足语 v2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种: v主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足 语。 v1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“ 什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 v如:Im
3、 Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) v2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么 )”。主要由动词担任。 v如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天 打扫房间) v3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回 答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形 容词担任。 v如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) v4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“ 什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 v如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) v有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。 指物的
4、叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语 一般放在直接宾语的前面。 v如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) v有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放 在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容 词、代词、数词等担任。如: v Shanghai is a big city .(上海是 个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副 词,通常由副词担任。 v如:He works hard .(他工作努力) 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么, 通常由
5、形容词或动词充当。 v如:They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) / v He often helps me do my lessons.(他常 常帮我做功课) / vThe teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语) 8同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步 说明它的情况。 v如:Where is your classmate Tom ?(你 的同学汤姆在哪里?) 1. 主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in t
6、he east (名词) He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe.(不定式) What he needs is a book.(主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) (一)指出下列句中主语的中心词 The teacher with two of his stud
7、ents is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult. 谓语(predicate):是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的 行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语 的后面。 We study English. He is asleep. (二). 选出句中谓语的中心词 I
8、dont like the picture on the wall. A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C.
9、 the library D. afternoon 3. 表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分, 表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. (名词) You dont look it. (代词) Five and five is ten. (数词) He is asleep. (形容词) His father is in. (副词) The picture is on the wall. (介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化 的分词) The question is whether they will
10、come. (表语 从句) 常见连系动词 v“存在”类:表示存在或具有某种特征或状态.这类 连系动词强调“存在”。常见的有:be(是),look( 看起来),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),appear(似 乎、显得),prove(证明是),smell(闻起来),taste( 尝起来),sound(听起来)等。 v例如: The story sounds true. vThose oranges taste good star. 2. “持续”类:表示某种情况或状态的持续 。这类连系动词强调“持续”。常见的有 :remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持 ),continu
11、e(继续、仍旧),stand(处于某 状况或情形)等。 例如: Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will stay fresh for several days. Its already ten in the morning. The store remains closed. Whats the matter? v3. “变化”类:表示由一种情况或状态变 化成另一种情况或状态。这类连系动词 强调“变化”后的情况或状态.常见的有 :become(变成), turn(变成), grow(变 得), get(变得)等。 v例如: Put th
12、e fish in the fridge, or it will go bad in hot weather. (三) 挑出下列句中的表语 The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it. tired worried yellow interested first 4. 宾语:1)动宾表
13、示行为的对象,常由名词 或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后 。如: I like China. (名词) He hates you. (代词) How many do you need? We need two. ( 数词) I enjoy working with you. (动名词) I hope to see you again. (不定式) Did you write down what he said? (宾语 从句) 2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介 宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many r
14、ocks. 3)双宾语-间宾(指人)和直宾 (指物) He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money v(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语 v My brother hasnt done his homework. v People all over the world speak English. v You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. v How many new words did you learn last class? v Some of the stude
15、nts in the school want to go swimming. v his homework English your pronunciation new words to go swimming v5. 宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。 vWe elected him monitor. (名词) vWe all think it a pity that she didnt come here. ( 名词) vWe will make them happy. (形容词) vWe found nobody in. ( 副词 ) vPlease make yourself at
16、 home. (介词短语) Dont let him do that. (省to不定式) vHis father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式) vDont keep the lights burning. (现在分词) v Ill have my bike repaired. (过去分词) v扩展: v主补:对主语的补充。 vHe was elected monitor. vShe was found singing in the next room. vHe was advised to teach the lazy
17、 boy a lesson. v(五) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 v She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading- room. v He asked her to take the boy out of school. v She found it difficult to do the work. v They call me Lily sometimes. v I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. v Did you see Li Ming playing football o
18、n the playground just now? v to read newspapers and books in the reading-room to take the boy out of school v Lily get on the bus playing football on the playground v 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 v Please tell us a story. v My father bought a new bike for me last week. v Mr. Li is going to teach us history next t
19、erm. v Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. v Did he leave any message for me? v6. 定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组 或句子。 vYanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词) vHe is our friend. (代词) vWe belong to the third world.(数词) vHe was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词) vThe man over there is my old friend.(副 词) vThe wo
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