英语报刊新闻标题专讲.ppt
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1、英语新闻的”标题语言”,Headlinese,The Significance of Newspaper Reading,Good learning Resources for English learners for the rich vocabulary, which includes various idioms, common sayings and diverse phrases. 2. Enable the learners to enhance their reading ability by providing authentic English learning materi
2、al. 3. To broaden the readers horizon and be familiar with the American & British cultures. 4. Good helper for the learners to improve their writing skill, due to the expert use of various writing techniques like personification, irony etc. in features .,1.美英报刊文章(精选本) 周学艺 庞广廉 马忠 牛健编著 北京大学出版社 2.报刊英语-
3、如何读英语报刊 李自强主编 吴世忠 王铁民 朱伟容编写 外语教学与研究出版社 3.美英报刊的阅读与理解 潘维洛等编著 中国对外翻译出版公司 4. 英语报刊阅读教程 张健主编 外语教学与研究出版社,Part I: Grammatical Features Part II: Wording Features Part III: Rhetorical Features,Part I: Grammatical Features of Headlines,1. Omission 2. Tense 3. Voice 4. Punctuation,1. Omission Omission of functi
4、on words, such as articles, possessive pronouns, be verbs, auxiliary verbs, etc. 省略冠词、物主代词、系动词、助动词,等等,1) articles,37 Killed in Italian Plane Crash = 37 (are) Killed in an Italian Plane Crash Bushs Approval Rating Plunges to New Low = Bushs Approval Rating Plunges to a New Low Police Rush to Shut Dow
5、n Performance by Underdressed Actresses(演员衣着过于暴露,警方及时勒令停演) = The Police Rush to Shut Down the Performance by the Underdressed Actresses,2)、conjunction(replaced by “,”),Laurel, Aquino Cut Ties Laurel and Aquino Cut (their) Ties (劳雷尔和阿基诺夫人分道扬镳) Gunfire, Explosions Rock Mumbai Hotel = Gunfire and Explo
6、sions Rock (a) Mumbai Hotel,3) possessive pronoun,Mother, Daughter Share Fulbright Year = (A) Mother (and) Her Daughter Share (a) Fulbright Year 母女同享富布莱特访学年,4)、”be” verbs,Headless bodies Dumped in Mexico Headless bodies are dumped in Mexico. Political Efforts Vital to Reform- Party Leader(党的领导人说:改革一
7、定要讲政治) Political Efforts Are Vital to Reform- Party Leader,5)、AUXILIARY VERBS:(USED IN PASSIVE VOISE OR PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE),Financier Killed By Burglars (窃贼夜行窃,金融家遇害) (A) Financier Is Killed By Burglars Moscows Food Prices Soaring = Moscows Food Prices Are Soaring,有时保留冠词、连词和系动词等虚词:顾全某些习语或词组的完
8、整性 e.g: 1) Combat on the Web 网络之战 2)TB on the Rise Again in London 伦敦地区结核病卷土重来,Exercises,Global Poll: Fashion Models “Too Thin” A Global Poll: Fashion Models are “Too Thin” What Decling Registration Rate for Post-Grad Exam Mean? What Does the Decling Registration Rate for the Post-Grad Exam Mean? 3
9、in 10 mid-Life Couples Abandon Sex for Stress from Life 3 in 10 mid-Life Couples Abandon Their Sex for the Stress from Life Great Wall at Top of “Worlds New Seven Wonders” The Great Wall is at the Top of the “Worlds New Seven Wonders”,Both Ends of Films to be Shortened Both Ends of Films Are to be S
10、hortened Lots of Fruit in Childhood Cuts Adult Cancer Risk Lots of Fruit in Ones Childhood Cuts an Adult Cancer Risk US, Russia Warned of Repeat of Cold War The US and Russia Are Warned of a Repeat of the Cold War,Kings Speech seeks Oscars crown Irish opposition claims poll win Headless bodies dumpe
11、d in Mexico Three killed in Tunisia protests Egypt backs constitution changes N Korea issues threat on leaflets Chinas Wen in online Q&A session,2。时态(tense),新闻标题中一般不用过去时态,而采用现在时态,使读者阅报时一如置身于这条新闻事件中,这叫做“新闻现在时”(Journalistic Present Tense),与文学写作中的“历史现在时”(Historical Present Tense)实际上完全一样。,英语新闻标题中常用的动词时态
12、主要有三种:一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时。现分述如下:,1)、一般现在时通常被用来表示过去发生的事 (simple present tense-past tense),新闻用了过去时态,容易给人一种陈旧感,被认为新闻不“新”。 e.g: Heavy Rain Lashed City vs Heavy Rain Lashes City 一般现在时从形式上来增强报道的 新鲜感(Freshness) 现实感(Reality) 直接感(Immediacy) 此外,标题采用动词的一般现在时还可省去动词过去式构成中常见的“ed”两个字母,节省标题字数。,Russian Leader Meets Fi
13、del Castro In Cuba (Russian Leader Meets (Met) Fidel Castro In Kings Speech seeks Oscars Crown Egypt Backs Constitution Changes 注意:当标题中出现时间状语时,动词用过去时。例如: Unemployment in U.K. Increased in October 十月份英国失业率上升,2)、现在分词直接表示正在进行的动作或事件 Present participle-present progressive tense,对于正在发生的事态或动作,英语新闻标题采用“Be现在
14、分词”这一形式,但其中“Be”又通常省略。因此,剩下的ing分词便在新闻标题中直接表示正在进行的动作或正在发展的事态。例如:,BBC Considering Starting Global Television Service (BBC is Considering Starting (the) Global Television Service) UK stopping aid to 16 countries UK is stopping aid to 16 countries,3)、动词的将来时更多地直接采用动词不定式来表达 infinitive-simple future tense,标
15、题中动词的将来时: 1)will+动词原形 Next Century will Challenge Law of Land 2)更多采用“be动词不定式”,其中be通常省略,以节省标题字数。即动词不定式在英语新闻标题中可直接表示未来动作。例如:,Romania to Buy Iran Oil at $35 a Barrel =Romania is to Buy Iran Oil at $35 a Barrel Largest Chinese Trade Delegation to Visit US in Nov. Largest Chinese Trade Delegation is to V
16、isit US in Nov. Kaymer to become world number one Kaymer is to become world number one,Practice:,1. Global Poll: Fashion Models “Too Thin” 2. What Declining Registration Rate for Post-Grad Exam Mean? 3. Bushs Approval Rating Plunges to New Low 4. Great Wall at Top of “Worlds New Seven Wonders” 5. Bo
17、th Ends of Films to Be Shortened 6. Lots of Fruit in Childhood Cuts Adult Cancer Risk 7. US, Russia Warned of Repeat of Cold War,Keys:,1. A Global Poll Shows Fashion Models are “Too Thin”(全球调查:时装模特“太瘦”) 2. What Does the Declining Registration Rate for the Post-Grad Exam Mean?(考研热为何降温?) 3. Bushs Appr
18、oval Rating Plunges to a New Low(布什支持率跌至历史新低) 4. The Great Wall is at the Top of the “Worlds New Seven Wonders”(长城跻身“世界新七大奇迹”之首) 5. Both Ends of Films are to Be Shortened(片头片尾将“减肥”) 6. Lots of Fruit in ones Childhood Cuts an Adult Cancer Risk(孩提时水果摄入多 成年后癌症风险低) 7. The US and Russia are Warned of a R
19、epeat of the Cold War (俄美受到警告,谨防冷战重现),5。语态(voice),英语新闻标题中,动词表示被动语态时,被动语态结构“be过去分词”中的助动词“be”通常被省略。即,用过去分词直接表示被动语态。同时,“by”和它引出的动作的执行者也经常省略。如: Journalist Fired in Spy Debate A Journalist is Fired in a Spy Debate (涉嫌间谍案纠纷 一记者被炒鱿鱼) Three killed in Tunisia protest Three are killed in Tunisia protest,13 cr
20、imes removed from death penalty list 13 crimes are removed from death penalty list Chinas newly revised Criminal Law eliminated the death penalty for 13 economy-related crimes, as the country moved to restructure its penalty system and better protect human rights.,Europe Tested by Financial Crisis (
21、Europe is Tested by Financial Crisis) 33 Killed in Northeast India Fighting (33 are Killed in Northeast India Fighting),Note:其实,英文新闻标题使用动词的主动语态的频率远远超过被动语态。因为从修辞角度而言,主动语态比被动语态更加丰富多彩且发乎自然,读之朗朗上口。只有在事件或动作的接受者比执行者更重要时才使用被动语态,突出强调宾语部分,引起读者注意。,6。标点符号(punctuation),英语新闻标题一贯注重结构精练,不使用标点的情况占了绝大多数。例如,使用陈述句的标题都
22、省略句号。即便使用某个标点符号,其主要目的不外乎两种: 1. 区分表示各句子成分或意群之间的关系; 2. 进一步节省标题字数。,(1)、逗号(comma)常被用来代替连词“and”,表示并列成分之间的停顿。例如: Guangzhou Fair Closes, Trade Booms =The Guangzhou Fair Closes And The Trade Booms (广交会闭幕 交易量火爆),(2)、冒号(colon)除了用在引语之前表示“说”外,还经常被用来代替联系动词“Be”。例如: Health Survey: New Yorker Fitter, Slimmer =Healt
23、h Survey says (that) New Yorker is Fitter and Slimmer (健康调查称纽约人更加健康和苗条) Shanghai: Resplendent Pearl Of New China. =Shanghai Is A Resplendent Pearl Of New China (上海:新中国的璀璨明珠),(3)、破折号(dash) 主要用于在引进某一说法时交代说话者身份,既可以表示引语本身可能比说话人更重要,又可使标题内容更加直接、真实。例如: Political Efforts Vital to Reform- Party Leader = Part
24、y Leader says that Political Efforts Are Vital to Reform World Unity Against Terrorism Needed- Brown Brown says that World Unity Against Terrorism is Needed (布朗表示:全世界需联手反恐),(4)、用分号(semicolon) 表示两层意思 (书) The Gay-Marriage Flap; The Government is out of Step (also Rhyme) (同性婚姻遭抨击;政府背离公众舆论) (5)、用单引号代替双引
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