英语非谓语动词详细讲解7ppt课件.ppt
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1、非,谓语动词,动名词 gerund,不定式 infinitive,分词 participle,非谓语动词,1性质:它具有动词的特点,但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用,充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语的作用,即:除谓语以外一切成分。,1 动词-ing形式可直接置于句首作主语。 Seeing is believing.= To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。 2 为了保持句子平衡,通常用先行词it作形式主语,而把真正的主语放在句末。 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后悔是没有用的。 Its a waste o
2、f time arguing about it. 争论这事是浪费时间。,必 背 动词-ing形式作主语的几个常用句型。 Its no good talking to him. 和他谈话是没有用的。 It is useless telephoning him. He is not willing to come. 给他打电话没用。他不愿意来。 Its worth making an effort. 努力一下是值得的。 There is no saying when it will stop raining. 无法断定这场雨什么时候会停。 There is no joking about such
3、 matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。,1 表示主语的内容 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. 她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 2 表示主语具有的特征 The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令困惑。,1. Her work is _( look )after the children. 2. My aim is _( go ) to Tsinghua University. 3. One of my bad habit is _(bite ) nails(指甲).,动词-ing形
4、式既可作及物动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语。 1 能用动词-ing形式作宾语的及物动词可分两类,一类是只能用动词-ing形式作宾语,另一类是既可用动词-ing形式作宾语,也可用不定式作宾语。 只能用-ing形式作宾语的动词(这类动词只能用-ing形式作宾语,不能用不定式作宾语。) Fancy meeting you here! 想不到在这儿见到你了! I suggest doing it in a different way. 我建议用另一种方法做这件事。,必 背 只接动词-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有:admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 put off 推迟
5、 keep 保持 consider 考虑 delay 耽搁 dislike 嫌恶 resist抵制 mention 提及 enjoy 喜欢 escape 避免 excuse 原谅 practice 练习 mind介意 fancy想不到 feel like 意欲 finish 完成 risk 冒险 include 包括 forgive 原谅 give up 放弃 suggest 建议 miss 逃过 imagine 设想 cannot help 情不自禁,1.He was in low spirits and even consider _(go ) away. 2.Practise _( pu
6、t ) your hand to the ground. 3.I cant help _( have ) the trip to Britain. 4.Dont tell me you always escape _( fine) because you have a fast sports car. 5.Leave off _(bite) your nails! 6.He didnt feel like _( work ), so he suggested _( spend ) the day in the garden. 7.You certainly mustnt miss _( see
7、 ) the wonderful film.,8.The doctor advised _( stay ) longer in hospital. 9.We appreciate your _( want ) _( help ) us in our difficulties. 10.Michael has delayed _( write ) to her till today. 11.The law forbids _( sell )liquor to children. 12.They all suggested _( give ) more chances. 13.Can you ima
8、gine _( leave ) standing outside for a whole night. 14.They built the banks to prevent the area from _( flood)., 既可用动词-ing形式作宾语,也可用不定式作宾语 有些动词,如attempt, continue, hate, intend, like, love, prefer等,后面接动词-ing形式或不定式区别不是很大。 They prefer spending/to spend their summer vacation in Dalian. 他们更喜欢在大连度暑假。 I in
9、tend to buy/buying an English-Chinese dictionary. 我想买一本英汉词典。 提 示 应尽量避免接连出现两上动词-ing形式。 I am starting to learn Russian. 我开始学俄语。 避免说:I am starting learning Russian. 我开始学俄语。,有些动词或词组后可带动名词或不定式作宾语,但意义上有所不同。,有些动词或词组后可带动名词或不定式作宾语,但意义上有所不同。 come to do表示一个渐渐发展的过程 I hope we shall be friends and come to underst
10、and one another.我希望我们会成为朋友并互相了解 come doing表示陪衬性的动作 It was already two oclock when she came hurrying in. 她急急忙忙跑进来时已经两点了。,go on to do做完一件事后,接下去做另外一件事 Having finished the exercises, we went on to learn the new words in the next unit. 做完练习以后,我们继续学习下一单元的单词。 go on doing继续做同一件事。 Though it was raining heavi
11、ly, they went on working, 尽管天下着大雨,他们仍然继续工作。 mean to do想要做某事 I didnt mean to hurt you. 我并不想要伤害你。 mean doing意味着要有一个结果 Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 误了这班车就意味着再等一个小时。,regret to do对即将要做的事表示遗憾 I regret to say I must leave tomorrow. 很遗憾,我明天必须离开了。 regret doing对所做的事感到后悔 I regret not havin
12、g told her earlier.没能更早地告诉她,我很后悔。 remember to do 讲的是将来的事,表示“不要忘记” Remember to lock the door when you leave. 离开时记得要锁门。 remember doing 讲的是过去的事,表示“记起来” I remember posting that letter. 我记得寄了那封信。,forget to do忘记要做某事 She nearly forgot to give the porter a tip for his service. 她几乎忘记给行李搬运工付小费。 forget doing忘记
13、以前曾做过的事 Ill never forget meeting my school headmaster for the first time. 我永远忘不了和我小学校长初次见面的情景。 stop to do停止原来做的事,开始做另一件事 While working, he stopped to talk with Tom at times. 工作的时候,他不时停下来和汤姆谈话。 stop doing停止正在做的事 When the teacher came into the classroom, the pupils stopped talking. 教师走进教室的时候,小学生们停止了说话
14、。,try to do设法做某事 I must try to get everything ready before he arrives. 在他到来之前,我必须尽力把一切都准备好。 try doing试验做某事 Would you please try doing that again? 请你再试一次好吗?,need, require, want作“需要”解时,后面接动词-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式,意义上并无差别,但用动词-ing形式比较普通。 Your composition needs correcting / to be corrected. 你的作文需要修改。 His
15、coat wants cleaning/to be cleaned. 他的外套需要洗了。 The old woman requires looking after carefully/to be looked after carefully. 这个老大娘需要细心地照料。 2 作介词宾语 动词-ing形式作介词宾语大都和一些固定搭配有关。,1 动词-ing形式可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, smell, look at, listen to, observe, find等表示感官和心理状态的动词后面作宾语补足语,和一个名词或代词一起构成复合宾语。 We he
16、ard the children shouting upstairs. 我们听见孩子们在楼上叫喊。 I felt my heart beating violently. 我觉得我的心在猛烈地跳动。,2 动词-ing形式和不定式作宾语补足语的区别。 在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等感官动词后,既可用动词-ing形式构成复合宾语,也可用不定式构成复合宾语,两者之间有一定的区别。用动词-ing形式时,表示动作正在进行;用不定式时,表示动作发生了,即动作的全过程结束了。 He saw a girl getting on the bus. 他看见一个女孩在上公共汽车。 H
17、e saw a girl get on the bus and drive off. 他看见一个女孩上公共汽车后开走了。,3 动词-ing形式也可用在have, get, leave, keep, set, catch等表示“致使“的动词后作宾语补足语。 They should not leave us wondering what they will do next. 他们不应该不让我们知道他们下一步要做什么。 I wont have you running about in the room. 我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。 We kept the fire burning all nigh
18、t long. 我们让火整夜燃烧着。 点 津 坊 如果宾语补足语是一系列的动作,通常只能用不定式来表示,不用动词-ing形式。 I saw him enter the room sit down and light a cigarette.我看见他走进房间,坐了下来,点燃了一根香烟。,1 单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语,一般具有两种含义。 说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。 a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室 running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋 a working method =a m
19、ethod of working 工作方法 必 背 a drawing board 画板 a sewing machine 缝纫机 a swimming pool 游泳池 a waiting room 候车室 a dining car 餐车 a driving permit 驾驶许可证 a singing competition 歌咏比赛 a walking stick 手杖, 表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态,在意思上接近一个定语从句,可以表示正在进行的动作,也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。 developing countries = countries that are developin
20、g 发展中国家 an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 看起来很普通的房子 a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody 困扰人的问题,必 背 a barking dog 狂吠的狗 a disappointing play 令人失望的戏剧 an astonishing adventure 惊人的冒险 a sleeping baby 熟睡的婴儿 boiling water 正在沸腾的水 failing sight 逐渐衰退的视力 the setting sun 落日
21、 the coming week 下一周,动词-ing形式可以作状语,修饰动词,在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首;作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。 1 表示时间,相当于一个时间状语从句。 Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.我们已经作好了充分准备,现在可以应考了。(= After we have made full preparations.) 2 表示原因,相当于一个原因状语从句。 Being ill, he di
22、dnt go to school yesterday. 由于生病,他昨天没有上学。(= Since he was ill.),不定式,1不定式作主语: 1) change the following into the infinitive 1. _( die ) for people is a glorious thing. 2. _( talk ) with him is a great pleasure. 3. _( help ) others is our duty. 4. _( see ) is to believe. 2) change the sentences above int
23、o the ones using “it” as informal.,3)A: 如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的,可以在不定式前加一个由for 引起的短语。 It is easy for the students to read. It will be a mistake for us to help you.,在“It is + 形容词 + of sb + 不定式“结构中,形容词往往表示人物的性格和特征,如kind, silly, good, unwise, clever, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, rude, impolite, b
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