2011职称英语卫生B级新增文章.doc
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1、阅读理解新增文章*第十八篇 Exercise Can Replace Insulin for Elderly Diabetics Most older people with so-called type II diabetes could stop taking insulin if they would do brisk exercise for 30 minutes just three times a week, according to new medical research results reported in the Copenhagen newspaper Berlings
2、ke Tidende on Monday Results from tests conducted on diabetics at the Copenhagen Central Hospital Rigshospitalets Center for Muscle Research showed that physical exercise can boost the bodys ability to utilize insulin by 30 per cent, the newspaper reportedThis is equal to1 the effect most elderly di
3、abetics get from their insulin medication today, it said Researchers had a group of non-diabetic men and a group of men with type,all more than 60 years of age, exercise on bicycles six times a week for three monthsAfter the three months the doctors measured how much sugar the test subjects muscles
4、could utilise as a measure for how well their insulin worked.2 Associate Professor3 DrFlemming Dela of the Muscle Research Center said the tests demonstrated that the exercising diabetics had just as high insulin utilisation as the healthy non-exercising persons This means that the insulin works jus
5、t as well for both groupsPhysical exercise cannot cure people of diabetes,4 but it can eliminate almost all their symptomsAt the same time it can put off 5 the point at which they have to begin taking insulin or perhaps completely avoid insulin treatmentDela was quoted as saying6 Insulin isa hormone
6、 produced by the pancreas, controlling sugar in the body and used against diabetes Dela said that to achieve the desired effect diabetics need only exercise to the point where they begin to work up7 a sweat, but that the activity has to be maintained since it wears off8 after five days without suffi
7、cient exercise Most diabetics realise that they have to watch their diet while remaining unaware of the importance of exercise, Dela added第十八篇 老年糖尿病患者进行体育锻炼可以取代胰岛素治疗 哥本哈根的贝林时报周一刊登了一则最新医疗研究结果称,大多数型老年糖尿病患者只要每周坚持三次轻:陕的体育锻炼,每次30分钟,都可以不用注射胰岛素。 报道称,哥本哈根市中心医院Rigshospitalet肌肉研究中心对糖尿病人进行测试,结果显示体育锻炼能将身体利用胰岛素的
8、能力提高30。 据说,这一结果和大多数老年糖尿病患者每天接受胰岛素治疗的疗效相同。 研究人员挑选了一组非糖尿病患者,一组型糖尿病患者,都是60岁以上的男性。这些被试者每周骑自行车锻炼六次,并持续了三个月。三个月后,医生测量出被试者肌肉能够利用的血糖总量,以此作为测量他们的胰岛素工作状况如何的标志。 肌肉研究中心副教授弗莱明德拉医生称,实验结果显示,进行体育锻炼的糖尿病患者胰岛素利用率和那些没有锻炼的健康人胰岛素利用率一样高。 “这就意味着,两组被试者的胰岛素都是正常工作的。体育锻炼不能治好患者的糖尿病,但是能最大限度地消除患者症状。另外,即使患者不得不接受胰岛素治疗,体育锻炼也能尽量推迟这一临
9、界点,甚至有可能完全避免实施胰岛素治疗。”德拉医生的话像格言一样被人们所引用。 胰岛素是胰腺分泌的一种激素,可以控制体内血糖,预防糖尿病。 德拉解释说,糖尿病患者只需锻炼到出汗的程度即可达到理想的效果。同时他还强调,这种锻炼必须坚持,如果五天没有进行有效锻炼,效果就会消失。 德拉还补充说,大多数糖尿病患者意识到他们必须控制饮食,却忽略了体育锻炼的重要性。词汇:insulin胰岛素diabetic (患)糖尿病的;n糖尿病患者diabetes糖尿病;多尿症briskbrisk彩轻快的;活泼的,活跃的Copenhagen哥本哈根(丹麦首都)muscle肌肉 utilise(=utilize)利用,
10、使用medication儿药物,药物治疗subject玩实验对象utilisation(=utilization) 利用,使用saying格言hormone激素pancreas胰(腺)注释:1be equal to:等于 2as a measure for how well their insulin worked:作为测量他们的胰岛素工作状况如何的标志。从语法上分析,how引起的从句是for这个介词的宾语从句。3associate professor:副教授4.cannot cure people of diabetes:不能治好人们的糖尿病。cure sbof sth:给某人医治某病。例如
11、:This medicine should cure you of your cold这药准能治好你的感冒。put off:推迟,延期Dela was quoted as saying:Dela的话像格言一样被人们所引用。注意谓语是被动语态。work up:逐步引起,激起wear off:逐渐消失(be)unaware of sth不知道,没觉察练习:1How could most elderly type II diabetics stop taking insulin? A By taking more salt than usual B By taking less salt than
12、usual C By doing brisk exercise for half an hour at least three times a week D By going climbin9,swimming or boxing every day2Physical exercise may increase the body ability to utilise insulin byA 70 per centB 30 per centC 60 per centD only a few per cent3. The subjects of the research tests conduct
13、ed at the Copenhagen Central Hospital includedA elderly non-diabetic menB elderly type II diabetic menC both sexes of all agesD both A and B 4. To what a degree have diebetics to exercise in order to achieve the desired effect?A To the degree where they begin to sweatB To the degree where they feel
14、exhausted C To the point when they feel thirstyD To the point when they have to take insulin5.According to Dela,among most diabetics the importance of exercise is of watching their diet A as poorly understood as B as well understood asC less understood than D better understood than the importance答案与
15、题解: 1C 文章一开始就有此问题的明确答案。至于吃多少盐或者从事其他剧烈运动文章自始至 终都没有提到。2B 文章第二段说到,体育锻炼能将身体利用胰岛素的能力提高30。3D 此题答案在文章第四段,实验对象既有型糖尿病患者,也有健康人,而且都是60岁以上的男人。4A文章倒数第二段说到,体育锻炼只要达到出汗的程度就能起作用。5C最后一段明确说到,大多数糖尿病患者知道必须注意饮食,但却并不知道体育锻炼的重要性。*第二十四篇Preventing Child Maltreatment Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious life-1on
16、g consequencesThere are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence of child maltreatmentData for many countries。especially low-and middle-income countries, are lacking Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to studyCurrent estimates vary widely depending on the country and the method of re
17、search usedNonetheless,international studies reveal that approximately 20of women and 5-10of men report being sexually abused as childrenWhile 2550of all children report being physically abusedAdditionally,many children are subject to 1 emotional abuse(sometimes referred to as2 psychological abuse)
18、Every year,there are an estimated 31.000 homicide deaths in children under 15This number underestimates the true extent of the problem, as a significant proportion of deaths due to child maltreatment are incorrectly attributed to 3 falls, burns and drowning Child maltreatment causes suffering to chi
19、ldren and families and can have long-term consequencesMaltreatment causes stress that is associated with disruption in early brain developmentExtreme stress can impair the development of the nervous and immune systemsConsequently,as adults,maltreated children are at increased risk for behavioural ,
20、physical and mental health problemsViathe behavioural and mental health consequences, maltreatment can contribute to heart disease,cancer,suicide and sexually transmitted infections4Beyond the health consequences of child maltreatmentthere is an economic impact, including cost of hospitalization, me
21、ntal health treatment, child welfare, and longer-term health cost.A number of risk factor for child maltreatment have been identified. These risk factors are not present in all social and cultural contexts, but provide an overview when attempting to understand the causes of child maltreatment. It is
22、 important to emphasize that children are the victims and are never to blame for5 maltreatment. A number of characteristics of an individual child may increase the likelihood of being maltreated, such as being either under four years old or an adolescent, being unwanted, or failing to fulfill the ex
23、pectations of parents and having special need, crying persistently or having abnormal physical features.6第二十四篇遏制虐待儿童现象 虐待儿童是一个全球问题,它会严重影响儿童的一生。由于缺乏很多国家虐待儿童的数据,尤其是中低收入国家的数据,目前对于儿童虐待在全球蔓延的程度,我们还未能获得可靠的数据。 虐待儿童的研究很复杂,很困难。当前,各个国家大概的相关数据差别很大,而且使用的研究方法不同也会得出不同的估值。但是,国际研究显示,大约有20的女性和5一l0的男性称自己在童年遭到性虐待,而所有儿
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