TruncusArteriosus共同动脉干.doc
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1、Truncus Arteriosus共同动脉干click image to enlargeWhat is truncus arteriosus?什么是共同动脉干?Truncus arteriosus is a congenital (present at birth) defect that occurs due to abnormal development of the fetal heart during the first 8 weeks of pregnancy. The heart begins as a hollow tube, and the chambers, valves,
2、 and great arteries develop throughout the first 8 weeks of pregnancy. The aorta and pulmonary artery start as a single blood vessel, which eventually divides and becomes two separate arteries. Truncus arteriosus occurs when the single great vessel fails to separate completely, leaving a connection
3、between the aorta and pulmonary artery.共同动脉干是一种先天性心脏病(出生时即有的)是由于在妊娠的头8周里胎儿心脏发育异常造成的。心脏开始是一个中空管,并且心腔、瓣膜、和大血管的发育贯穿这妊娠的头8周。主动脉和肺动脉在开始时是一个血管,以后分隔成两个动脉。当这个大血管没有完全分开时,在主动脉和肺动脉之间留下连接处。 Truncus arteriosis is a complex defect where there is a single (normally there are two separate arteries) vessel arising f
4、rom the heart that forms the aorta and pulmonary artery. Another congenital heart defect that occurs with truncus arteriosus is a ventricular septal defect (ventricular septum, or dividing wall between the two lower chambers of the heart known as the right and left ventricles).共同动脉干是一种复杂的缺陷,一个单一的血管从
5、心脏发出,(正常时是两个互相分开的动脉)。与共同动脉干相伴的另外的心脏缺损是心室间隔缺损。click image to enlargeNormally, there are two separate arteries (the aorta and the pulmonary artery. Oxygen-poor (blue) blood returns to the right atrium from the body, travels to the right ventricle, then is pumped through the pulmonary artery into the l
6、ungs where it receives oxygen. Oxygen-rich (red) blood returns to the left atrium from the lungs, passes into the left ventricle, and then is pumped through the aorta out to the body.正常时,这儿是两个互相分开的动脉(主动脉和肺动脉。静脉血(兰)从全身回到右心房,进入右心室,然后泵出经肺动脉进入肺,在这里吸收氧。动脉血(红)从肺里回到左心房,进入左心室,然后泵出经主动脉到达全身)。In truncus arteri
7、osus, oxygen-poor (blue) and oxygen-rich (red) blood mix back and forth through the ventricular septal defect. This mixed blood then flows through the common truncal vessel. Some of it will flow through the branch that becomes the pulmonary artery and on to the lungs, and some of the mixed blood wil
8、l go into the aortic branch and continue to the body. The mixed blood that goes to the body does not have as much oxygen as normal, and will cause varying degrees of cyanosis (blue color of the skin, lips, and nailbeds).在共同动脉干的病例,贫氧血(兰)和富氧血(红)经过室间隔缺损来回的混合,然后这混合的血液经过这共同的血管,一部分进入成为肺动脉的分支到达肺里,而另一部分则进入主
9、动脉的分支继续流到全身。混合的血没有带上正常的那么多的氧到达全身,就会引起不同程度的紫绀。(皮肤、口唇、和甲床呈蓝色)Truncus arteriosus occurs in less than one out of every 10,000 live births. It makes up 1 percent of all cases of congenital heart disease.共同动脉干的发生在每一万新生儿中少于一个。在所有的先天性心脏病中达1。What causes truncus arteriosus?什么引起共同动脉干?Some congenital heart defe
10、cts may have a genetic link, either occurring due to a defect in a gene, a chromosome abnormality, or environmental exposure, causing heart problems to occur more often in certain families. Other times this heart defect occurs sporadically (by chance), with no clear reason for its development.某些先天性心
11、脏病可能带有遗传链接,由于基因缺陷,染色体异常,或环境暴露,任何一项引起心脏问题较常发生在某些家庭。其他情况下,心脏病的发生是偶然的,对于它的发展没有明确的原因。 Why is truncus arteriosus a concern?为什么关注共同动脉干?The blood that passes through the common truncal vessel has a lower oxygen content than normal. Oxygen-poor (blue) blood from the right ventricle and oxygen-rich (red) blo
12、od from the left ventricle mix together before entering the common vessel. Some of this mixed blood will go into the aorta and on to the body, producing cyanosis (blue color of the skin, lips, and nailbeds).通过共同动脉的血流的含氧量较正常的低。在进入共同血管之前,来自右心室的贫氧血(兰)和来自左心室的富氧血(红)混合在一起。这混合血的一部分进入主动脉供应全身,产生紫绀(皮肤、口唇、和甲床呈
13、蓝色)。 The pulmonary artery section of the common vessel gets more blood flow than the aorta does, because the pressure is lower in the lungs than the body and it is easier for blood to travel in that direction. If not repaired, the blood vessels in the lungs become damaged by the extra blood flow. As
14、 the pressure in the blood vessels in the lungs becomes higher, less blood goes to the lungs and more goes to the body. Cyanosis becomes worse as blood with lower amounts of oxygen travels to the body.这共同血管的肺动脉部分得到比主动脉多的血液,因为肺的压力比全身的压力低,所以血液容易流入。如果不矫治,肺内的血管就会被过多的血流损伤。随着肺内血管的压力增高,到肺的血减少而到全身的血增加。随着到全身
15、的血液携带的氧量的减少,紫绀变得更严重。What are the symptoms of truncus arteriosus?TA有什么症侯群?The following are the most common symptoms of truncus arteriosus. However, each child may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:以下是TA最常见的症侯群。然而,每一个患儿可能经历的症侯群有所不同。症候群可能包括: cyanosis紫绀 fatigue疲劳 sweating多汗 pale ski
16、n cool skin皮肤凉 rapid breathing呼吸急促 heavy breathing呼吸沉重 rapid heart rate快心律 congested breathing disinterest in feeding, or tiring while feeding食欲差,或喂食的时候易疲劳 poor weight gain体重增加缓慢 The symptoms of truncus arteriosus may resemble other medical conditions or heart problems. Always consult your childs ph
17、ysician for a diagnosis.共同动脉干的症候群可能与其它疾病或心脏问题相似。为了诊断总要请教你孩子的医生。How is truncus arteriosus diagnosed?怎样诊断共同动脉干?Your childs physician may have heard a heart murmur during a physical examination, and referred your child to a pediatric cardiologist for a diagnosis. A heart murmur is simply a noise caused
18、 by the turbulence of blood flowing through the heart defects. Symptoms your child exhibits will also help with the diagnosis.在查体时你孩子的医生可能听到心脏杂音,并把你孩子交付给一位小儿心脏病专家以明确诊断。心脏杂音是血流从左心室到升主动脉通过狭窄的主动脉瓣口时产生的湍流引起的噪音。你孩子表现出来的症状对于诊断也有帮助。 A pediatric cardiologist specializes in the diagnosis and medical manageme
19、nt of congenital heart defects, as well as heart problems that may develop later in childhood. The cardiologist will perform a physical examination, listening to the heart and lungs, and make other observations that help in the diagnosis. The location within the chest that the murmur is heard best,
20、as well as the loudness and quality of the murmur (harsh, blowing, etc.) will give the cardiologist an initial idea of which heart problem your child may have. However, other tests are needed to help with the diagnosis, and may include the following:一位儿童心脏病专家专门研究先天性心脏病的诊断和医疗方法,和随后心脏问题在儿童期可能的发展。心脏专家将
21、进行体检,听诊你的孩子的心和肺,作一些有助于诊断的观测。在胸部杂音听得最清楚的位置,以及杂音的响度和性质(粗糙的,吹风样的,等等)对于你的孩子可能患有什么样的心脏问题,将给心脏专家一个初步的意向。然而,有助于诊断的其他的一些检查也是需要的,可能包括以下的检查: chest x-ray - a diagnostic test which uses invisible electromagnetic energy beams to produce images of internal tissues, bones, and organs onto film.胸部X线检查:用一种看不见的电磁波投射在
22、胶片上产生内部组织,骨骼,和脏器的影像的诊断性的检查。 electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) - a test that records the electrical activity of the heart, shows abnormal rhythms (arrhythmias or dysrhythmias), and detects heart muscle stress.心电图(ECG或EKG):一种记录心脏电活动的测试,可以显示不正常的心律(arrhythmias或dysrhythmias),还可以发现心肌损害。 echocardiogram (echo)
23、 - a procedure that evaluates the structure and function of the heart by using sound waves recorded on an electronic sensor that produce a moving picture of the heart and heart valves. 超声心动图(echo):一种通过把超声波记录在电子传感器上再转换成心脏和心脏瓣膜的活动影像来评价心脏的结构和功能的方法。 cardiac catheterization - a cardiac catheterization is
24、 an invasive procedure that gives very detailed information about the structures inside the heart. Under sedation, a small, thin, flexible tube (catheter) is inserted into a blood vessel in the groin, and guided to the inside of the heart. Blood pressure and oxygen measurements are taken in the four
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