重拾故宫ppt.ppt
《重拾故宫ppt.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《重拾故宫ppt.ppt(49页珍藏版)》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、,旅英华人Terry Tse制作的“故宫紫禁城”是我看到的优秀PPS之一(1.0 版本,2011/2/20,伦敦) ,看了后,不仅觉得图片精美,而且照片拍摄取材也颇具匠心,大处着眼,小处入手,入木三分;不仅可看到故宫的宏伟建筑,从中也可知晓不少中国宫殿的建筑艺术和一些宫廷仪轨以及帝皇们的若干生活内幕。 原PPS全为英文说明,为使更多人能了解其中的更多说明内容,我花了不少时间对PPS画面布局做了少量调整和某些艺术加工,尤其将英语说明全部译成中文,相信会相当程度上提高视觉效果和可观赏性。 我本人认为,如能在欣赏这个PPS的同时,一并仔细阅读其中的文字说明,其效果不亚于实地参观一次紫禁城,甚至收益更
2、丰。这也许不夸大其辞、言过其实! 我国劳动人民创造的伟大优秀建筑-故宫,百看不厌,请再次观看! 注:第一页插入音乐是:古筝禅院钟声,第二页起原PPS音乐未动。,重拾 “故宫紫禁城” 题外话,HD WANG April 25,2011,The Forbidden City 故宮-紫禁城,First created 20 Feb 2011. Version 1.0 Jerry Tse. London. 首建於2011/2/20日。 1.0版, Jerry Tse 於 伦敦,All rights reserved. Available free for non-commercial and non-
3、profit use only. 保留所有权利,只用于非商业和非盈利性用途,Plan 规划,The palace was divided into two parts. The Outer Court was used for state ceremonies. The Inner Court was the residence of the Emperor and his family. It was also used for running the day-to-day affairs of state. It was run by eunuchs 宫殿分两部分:外宫是用于国事活动。 内
4、宫供皇帝和家人居住,也用于国家日常事务。由太监经营,In early Ming Dynasty, there were about 1630 halls. In early Qing there were 1800 halls. Currently the palace has 2631 halls and 90 courtyards. 明朝初年,约有1630大厅;清初有1800大厅;目前,宫内有2631大厅和90个庭院,The Ming Builders 明代建造者,Zhudi was the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty. He decided to
5、move the capital from Nanjing to Beijing. He was a megalomaniac. Not only did he built the Forbidden City In Beijing, he also restored the Great Wall & the Grand Canal and sent his armada of ships into the Indian Ocean reaching Saudi Arabia and Africa. 朱棣是明朝第三个皇帝。他决定从南京迁都到北京。他是一个自大狂,不仅建造了北京紫禁城,也恢复了长
6、城与大运河,并派他的船只舰队进入印度洋,直到沙特阿拉伯和非洲,Zhu Di 朱棣,A late 15C to early 16C painting depicting the Heavenly Succession Gate 承天門 and the Outer Five Dragons Bridge 外五龍橋 near todays Tiananmen. 一幅15世纪末至16世纪初的绘画描绘了今天安门附近的承天门和外五龙桥,In 1406, he started building the Forbidden City, which took 15 years to complete in 14
7、21, employing 200,000 craftsmen and million of labourers to build. It created an architectural complex unmatched in history. It is the biggest palace the world have even seen, with some 1630 halls. 于1406年,他开始建造紫禁城,雇用20万工匠和百万劳工,历时15年,於1421完工。它创建了史上无与伦比的建筑群。是世界上未有的具有1630厅堂的最大宫殿,Unfortunately, it was b
8、urned down 3 times by major fires during the 273 years of the Ming Dynasty and had to be rebuilt again. 遗憾的是,宫殿被大火烧毁3次,於明朝273年,不得不再重建,Construction Materials 建筑材料,Bricks and Golden Bricks Bricks were used for paving and for the external walls. Floor tiles are known as Golden Bricks, made in Suzhou. T
9、hese were made of clay and took two months firing in kilns. A floor tile took two years to made, and can last for centuries. They are called Golden Bricks because they are expensive to made. 砖和金砖用于铺路和外墙。地砖称为金砖, 在苏州制造。这些砖都用粘土制作,在窑内烧2个月。地砖花2年时间制成,可用几个世纪。由于制造费用昂贵,它们被称为金砖,TimberAll palace buildings used
10、 timber frame structures. The most important of timber are the pillars of Nanwu wood (Phoebe Zhennan). These logs were transported from south western China and took 4 years for the journey. Some 100,000 Nanwu pillars were used in the construction. The wood work were covered by a secret formulated pa
11、ste, mixed with pigs blood, flour and earth for preservation. 木材所有宫殿全用木头做框架结构。最重要的木头是南无木(楠木)柱。这些木头从中国西南化4年行程运来。建筑中约用了10万根南无木柱。这种木件覆上混有猪血、面粉的秘密配方胶,以便保存,MarbleThe main buildings of the palaces were build on marble terraces. There is a huge inclined slab, with carved dragons, weighs 300 tons. These wer
12、e transported on sheets of ice pulled by 20000 men and horses and took a month to travel the 50km journey. 汉白玉石宫殿主要建筑建在汉白玉石台地上。台阶斜板有巨大刻龙,重300吨。这些玉石由20万人马花一个月时间在冰上拖过50公里而运过来,Glazed Roof Tile By far the most common roof tiles are the yellow glazed tiles. Yellow being the colour of the emperor. A few h
13、ouses are covered with green tiles for the princes. 釉面瓦到目前为止最常见的屋顶瓦片是黄色琉璃瓦。黄色是皇帝的颜色。少数房子盖青瓦,供王子使用,Qing 清,During the Qing dynasty, the palace was rebuilt many times after fires. Many buildings were also added to the palace. Below is a view of the palace on the wedding of the Qing Emperor Guangxu. 在清代
14、,宫殿进行过多次大火后重建,宫内也增加了许多建筑物。下面是清朝光绪皇帝婚礼宫殿的视图,Qianlong 乾隆 (1711-95),The longest reigning emperor (1736-95) of Qing Dynasty. He started a 60 years major upgrade of the palaces. 清代在位最长的皇帝(17361795年)。他开始了长达60年的宫殿升级,He was a highly cultured emperor, with a diverse range of interests from collecting jade to
15、 calligraphy etc. It was his collection more than any other emperors that form the backbone of the collection of the Qugong Museum in Beijing and of the Palace Museum of Taipei. 他是有很高文化程度的皇帝,有各种不同兴趣-从收集玉石到书法等,他的收集品比任何其他皇帝都多,形式了北京和台北故宫博物院收集品的骨干,Under him, imperial China reached the zenith of her powe
16、r. 他在位时,大清帝国达到了权力的顶峰,Moat 护城河,The palace is surrounded by a 52 m wide moat. 宫殿的四周是宽52米的护城河,Walls 外墙,The exterior walls is 10m high, 8.6m thick at the base. The core of the wall is filled with earth, surfaced with three layers of special bricks 外墙高10米,底部厚8.6米。隔离墙心部填土,外表面用三层特制砖覆盖,Corner Towers 角樓,Ther
17、e are four watch towers at the four corners of the palace walls. 皇宫城墙的四角有四个瞭望塔,Gates 大门,There are some 10,000 gates in the palace. 皇宫约有10,000扇大门,Meridian Gate 午門,This is the grandest of all the palace gates. It is nearly 38m high. This marks the beginning of the palace complex. 这是所有宫殿大门中最宏伟的,她的高度近38
18、米,标志着宫殿建筑群的开始,Decorative Glazed Tiles 装饰性釉面琉璃砖,Apart from the distinctive yellow glazed tiles used for the roofs, tiles were also used as decorations on screens and walls. 除屋顶使用的黄色独特琉璃瓦外,砖也作为屏风和墙壁的装饰,Distinctive yellow glazed tiles make the palace stand out from the rest of the city. 独特的黄色琉璃瓦使宫殿从都市的
19、沉静中脱颖而出,Mythical creatures on the roof ridges showing the status of the building. 屋脊上有显示建筑物地位的神灵,Roof 屋顶,Because most Chinese roofs were curved, the timber frame that supported the roof became more complicated .由于多数中式屋顶为弯曲、木构架,屋顶支撑变得更复杂,Wooden Construction 木结构,Bracketing 斗栱,Dougongs are brackets tha
20、t lock beams together with pillars together. The technique dated back to two thousand years. 斗拱是把梁和柱锁到一块的支架。这项技术可追溯到两千年之前,Timber Frame 梁架 Traditional large Chinese buildings were mainly built of wood. All the weight of the building are supported by a wooden frame. Thus the wall are light and not wei
21、ght bearing. 中国传统的大建筑,主要用木头建造。所有建筑物重量都由木框架支撑,因此,墙体轻,不负重,Ceilings 天花板,Coffered ceilings. 方格天花板,Caisson 藻井,Terraces 台基,The use of terraces in Chinese architecture dated back to over 3000 years. The three main buildings of the outer court were built on a three tiers of marble terraces decorated with be
22、autiful carved balustrades 中国建筑采用台基可回溯到3000年之前。外宫的三座主要建筑就建在以美丽刻栏花杆装饰的三层大理石阳基上,Carved Slab 雕花板,The carved slab on the central staircase of the main terrace. Only the emperors were allowed to be carried over it. 主阳基中心台阶的楼梯上,其刻花板只允许皇帝可踩在它上面,Outer Court 外宫,During the Ming Dynasty, the Outer Court is use
23、d by the emperor to attend the daily affairs of the state. During the Qing Dynasty, this usage was moved to the Inner Court. However, the Outer Court was always used for the special state occasions and ceremonies. 在明代,外宫供皇帝用於国家日常事务活动。在清代,这种用途改移到内宫。然而,外宫始终是供国家特定场合和仪式之用,The three most important buildi
24、ngs lies on the central north-south axis. They are the Hall of Supreme Harmony (first building on the photo), the Hall of Central Harmony (the small building behind) and the Hall of Preserving Harmony . 三个最重要的建筑座落在南北中轴线上。她们是太和殿(照片上的第一个建筑物),中和殿(后面的小建筑)保和殿,SupremeHarmony 太和殿,The original Ming building
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 故宫 ppt
链接地址:https://www.31doc.com/p-2771486.html