中考语法专项复习.ppt
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1、中考语法专项复习,第七节 动词,考点: 1、掌握动词的现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词四种形式的构成规则; 2、掌握动词的分类,且能根据句义或上下文正确使用动词的适当形式。 3、正确使用常见实义动词和情态动词can, must, need, may等; 4.熟练运用表示将来的be going to 用法 5、掌握动词六种时态的基本结构,主要用法及区别(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去进行时、现在进行时和现在完成时),6、了解过去将来时、过去完成时态的基本用法; 7、理解动词不定式作主语、定语、表语的基本用法。 8、掌握动词不定式作宾语、状语、宾补的基本用法; 9、了解一般
2、现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、含有情态动词的四种时态的被动语态的结构形式及其基本用法; 10、熟练运用there be 结构的肯定、否定和疑问形式。,二、动词考察点分项说明:,(一)、掌握动词的现在时第三人称单数、过去式、 过去分词和现在分词四种形式的构成规则; 1、动词现在时的第三人称单数的构成:,2、动词的过去式及过去分词的构成 规则动词的变化: 规则动词的过去式和过去分词的构成方法是相同的。, 不规则动词的变化。(略),3、动词的现在分词的构成:,概念:,常用时间状语 :,构成形式 :,1.一般现在时态( The Simple Present Tense),表示经常发生的或习惯性的动作
3、或状态。,do / does(三单),every day , always, usually, often, sometimes, on Sundays, three times a day , 等,我一到达那儿,就会给你写信。 ,一般现在时的注意点:,1 、表客观事实或普遍真理,The earth _ (go) round the sun .,2 、 在when ,as soon as, until, after, before等到引导的时间状语从句和if 引导的条件状语从句中, 用一般现在时表示将来.,If it doesnt rain tomorrow, well go on a pic
4、nic .,goes,如果明天不下雨,我们将去野营。 ,Ill write to you as soon as I get there .,Exercise,Who _(dance) best in your class? 2. Students usually _(have) ten minutes rest between two classes.,dances,have,概念:,常用时间状语 :,构成形式 :,2. 一般过去时态(The Simple Past Tense),表示过去某个时间发生的动 作或存在的状态,V+ed,yesterday, just now, last , thi
5、s morning, ago, 等,一般过去时的注意点:,1、当没有明显的时间状语时,描述几个相继发生过的动作,I always got up too late , washed my face , had a quick breakfast and hurried to school .,2、since从句中常用一般过去时,You havent changed much since we last _(meet) .,met,Exercise,1.I _(find) my ruler in my desk .,found,2.We and _(see) lots of birds _(fly
6、) over the trees.,flying,saw,five minutes ago,looked up,概念:,常用时间状语 :,构成形式 :,表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,tomorrow, in three days,this, next, soon, 等.,1. will/shall+do 2. am/is/are going to+do 3. am/is/are + doing,3.一般将来时态(The Simple Future Tense),Look at the dark clouds, it _rain. Tomorrow _ be April Fools
7、Day.,一般将来时的注意点:,will,is going to,The radio says that it _(be) sunny tomorrow.,will be,4. 现在进行时态( The Present Continuous Tense ),概念:,常用时间状语 :,表示现在或现阶段正在发生的动作,now,listen,look, right now ,these days ,at this moment,等,am/is/are+doing,构成形式 :,现在进行时的注意点:,表达状态、感 情和感觉的动词不能用进行时。 如:中know, be, want, think, see,
8、 hear, like, hope, love, have,在表达时,切记不要忘了be 动词。 am/is/are doing,(2008台州中考) - Hi , Mary . Where is your father? - Look, He _his car over there. washes B. is washing C. will wash D. has been washed,Exercise,概念:,常用时间状语 :,构成形式 :,5. 过去进行时态(The Past Continuous Tense),表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段正在发生的动作。,was/were+doing,
9、at this time yesterday, from seven to nine last night, at that moment, 等,过去进行时的注意点:,在when , while引导的时间状语从句中, 表示主从句中两个动作同时发生时, 用过去进行时表示 .,1. When my father got home, I _ a letter to my friend. (2008宁波中考) write B. am writing C. wrote D. was writing,2. _Jim was making a paper plane , his brother was do
10、ing homework.,While,较长的动作,(2008衢州中考) - Why didnt you come and open the door for me, dear? - Sorry, Jack. I _ in the kitchen and didnt hear you. was cooking B. am cooking C. was cooked D. will cook,Exercise,概念:,常用时间状语 :,构成形式 :,6. 现在完成时态(The Present Perfect Tense),发生在过去且对现在仍有影响 的动作,强调对现在的影响.,have /has
11、 +done,already, yet, never,ever, just, before, once, twice, etc,for, since, so far, in the past few years, by now, etc,现在完成时的注意点:,1. have been to , have been in 和 have gone to 的区别,2. 短暂性动词和持续性动词,1).Tom _never_ to America. 2).- Is Tina at home? - Sorry, she _ Shanxi, and she _there for three days.,ha
12、s,been,has gone to,has been,译下列句子:,、这本书他买了一年了 4、 这本书他借了三天了。 5、我们离开广州六年了。,He has bought this book for a year .,He has had this book for a year .,He has borrowed the pen for three days .,He has kept the book for 3 days .,We have left Guangzhou for 6 years .,We have been away from Guangzhou for 6 years
13、 .,短暂性动词不能跟表示一段时间的状语连用, 必须转变成持续性动词,Exercise,1. He _(finish) writing the book, hasnt he?,has finished,2. (2008绍兴中考) - You seem to know much about the city. - Thats true. I _ it three times. A. visited B. had visited C. have visited D. will visit,(三)、掌握系动词be, look, feel, smell, get, become, turn, keep
14、等的基本用法;,常见的连系动词有:become, turn, get, grow, keep, feel, look, seem, smell, fall等。它 们后面常接形容词,构成系表结构。 Please keep the classroom clean. 请保持教室的干净。 The bread looks very fresh. 这些面包看上去很新鲜。,(四)、了解过去将来时、过去完成时态的基本用法;,概念:过去将来时表示从过去某一时点看将要发生的动 作或存在的状态。过去将来时和一般将来时的构成相 同,只是把will, shall变为过去式would, should,把助 动词be的过去
15、式变为过去式was或were而已。 如:They were going to have a meeting.他们曾打算开会。,概念:,常用时间状语 :,构成形式 :,7.过去完成时: (The Past PerfectTense),had done,by the end of last year, by, before +过去的时间点;由when,before,after, by the time等引导的状语丛句中,表示主句的动作发生在从句之前。,表示在过去某一时刻前已完成的动作。也称“过去的过去”,过去完成时的注意点:,用于宾词从句中,当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时,一定要注意宾语从句中的时
16、态变化。,He said that he _the film many times.,had seen,Exercise,1.The volleyball match will be put off if it . A . will rain B. rains C .rained D. is raining,2.-Do you want to see the film “Harry Potter ”? -The film “Harry Potter ”? I _ it . Its very wonderful. (2008黄岗中考) A.see B.have seen C.was seeing
17、 D.has seen,3.The boy _(not swim) in the river yet.,hasnt swum,5.-Where is Liu Mei? - She_(go) home.,4.- Where is your father? - He _ (watch) TV in the room.,7.He asked what time they_(do) at eight last night.,were doing,8.I know that he _(join) the army in1985.,joined,6.We dont know if it _(rain) t
18、omorrow. If it _ (rain) tomorrow, well not go for a picnic.,is watching,will rain,rains,has gone,9 . Hes not hungry. He_ just_ (have) lunch.,11.-_the Blacks _(visit) the Great Wall before? -Yes , they_. -When _they _(visit) it? -Only a month ago.,10. Im sure he _(work) it out in one hour.,has,will w
19、ork,Have,had,visited,have,did,visit,12.He_(look) out of the window when the match _ (begin).,was looking,began,五)、掌握助动词be, do, have, shall, will的基本用法;,助动词是“辅助性”动词,一般没有词义,不能单独 作谓语,但可用来帮助构成谓语,表示不同的时态, 语态,和数的变化。 常见的助动词有: (1)be (am, is, are, was, were, being, been) 与现在分词结合,构成各种进行时态;或与过去分词结合构成被动语态。 Im lo
20、oking for my pen. 我正在找我的笔。(现在进行时) These cups are made in China. 这些杯子是中国制造的。(被动语态),(2)have (has, had, having)与过去分词结合,构成完成时。 They have known each other for twenty years. 他们互相认识有二十年了。(现在完成时) He had built a chemistry lab for himself at the age of ten. 他十岁时就已经为自己建了一个化学实验室。(过去完成时) (3) 助动词do (does, did) 后只
21、能跟动词原形,与not及其他动词结合构成否定句,或置于主语之前构成疑问句。 He does not speak English.他不说英语。 When did he come back? 他什么时候回来的?,(4)will (would), shall (should): will能用于一般将来时的任何人称后;would是will的过去时,能用于过去将来时;两者后面都接动词原形。 The plane will arrive in ten minutes. 飞机十分中后将要到达。 I was sure we would win.我确信用我们会赢。 shall与should这两个助动词本身没有词义
22、,shall只能用于一般将来时的第一人称后;should是shall的过 去时,只能用于过去将来时的第一人称后;两者后面都接动词原形。 We shall meet at the school gate tomorrow. 我们明天将在校门口见。 I told them that I should do the work alone. 我告诉 他们我将独自做那项工作。,三、巩固练习,1. His father any washing in the morning. A. doesnt do B. doesnt C. doesnt does D. doesnt does 2. I 1000 Eng
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