制作人上海建桥学院大学英语.ppt
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1、制作人:上海建桥学院大学英语,Jan, 2008,Jan, 2008,Unit 7 Learning about English,The Glorious Messiness of English,Text A,Contents,Warm-up Activities Background Information Words and Phrases Text Learning Text Organization Sentences Study Rhetorical Devices in Text A After Reading Summary of Text A,Warm-up Activiti
2、es,Whats your impression of the English language?,Class Discussion,Class Discussion,Why there are so many people learning English in present China?,Do you think the globalization of English means the Anglicization of the global?,Class Discussion,Background Information,The History of English,Old Engl
3、ish (4501100) The Germanic Conquest - the historical mark of the beginning of the Old English The Main Characteristics of Old English Foreign Influences on Old English Middle English (11001500) The Norman Conquest Foreign Influences on Middle English Modern English (15001900) The Conditions for the
4、Changes The Features of English during this Period,Old English (4501100),Around the year 449 Britain was conquered by the three Germanic tribes : the Jutes, Saxons and Angles. They settled in the areas they occupied and established separate kingdoms. They became the founders of the English nation. T
5、he history of a language is always closely related with the history of its speakers!,The Germanic Conquest - the historical mark of the beginning of the Old English,The Germanic Conquest,The Main Characteristics of Old English The Germanic tribes were exposed to Latin before they invaded England, so
6、 the languages they spoke did have some Latin influence. After converting to Christianity, Latin had more influence, as evidenced in words pertaining to the church. Celtic did not have a large impact on English, as only a few place names are of Celtic origin, but Danish (Old Scandinavian) did contri
7、bute many vocabulary words.,Foreign Influences on Old English,The Celtic Influence The defeated native Celts left a small number of words, mainly place names for the Germanic invaders, such as Lunden (London), Temese (Thames). The Great Effects of Christianity The introduction of Christianity from R
8、ome to Britain in 597 exert the greatest influence of Latin on not only the old English language but on the whole English civilization. It is estimated that 450 Latin words, mainly religious words entered the Old English vocabulary, more than 350 of which were used as the core words.,The Scandinavia
9、n Influence Near the end of the Old English period, the language underwent a third foreign influence. With the Scandinavian attacks on England, the Old Norse was brought to Old English by the Danes. Not like the introduction of Christianity as a different civilization, the Scandinavian civilization
10、is very much like the English. Consequently, the Scandinavian elements entered the English language are such through the give-and-take of everyday life. Therefore the Scandinavian influences dominates the fields as wide as laws and administrative, names of places and people, daily words, etc.,Middle
11、 English (11001500),The Norman Conquest The Norman Conquest in 1066 is regarded as one big event that changed the whole course of the English language as a Germanic language. The Norman ruling of the English people brought about the use of French by the upper class and French literature at the court
12、; while the English language was sustained among the lower class.,Foreign Influences on Middle English,French Influence on the Vocabulary and its Assimilation After the Norman Conquest, the French rulers came with their language. Inevitably English received huge impacts in every aspect, the most dir
13、ect of which is the vocabulary. However, most of the new French words are assimilated by adding the English endings so that they became the basis of the derivatives. (e.g., faith, gentle),During the ruling of the Norman Conquerors, three languages: French, English and Latin were adopted respectively
14、 by the three classes: the upper rulers, the lower workers and the middle ecclesiastics and men of learning. So a large number of literary works were written in Latin, which contribute to the direct Latin borrowings of the Middle English. (e.g., history, genius),The Borrowings from Latin,Modern Engl
15、ish (15001900),The introduction of the process of printing from movable type exerted an eventual influence on the language development. The education was widely received by the common people. The communication among people in different areas intensified by commerce, transportation promoted the excha
16、nge of languages.,The Conditions for the Changes of English from Middle to Modern,The colonial expansion of Great Britain The English language was widely spread within the colonies of the British Empire The growth of science The Late Modern English witnessed the greatest and rapidest development of
17、science in human history. The modern growth of science brought the modern civilization and language. Language is a mirror of progress. The frequent international communication The English language has been internationalized and interrelated with other languages in the world.,The Factors Affecting th
18、e Language,The increasing vocabulary of the Modern English By a variety of ways such as borrowing, affixation, compounding, meaning shifting, coinage, etc. The three types of Standards exist side by side The literary standard (the written language) The spoken standard ( the received pronunciation) T
19、he popular speech (the daily English) English overseas English has become the language spoken in the most countries of the world.,The Features of English during this Period,Words and Phrases,corrupt: vt.,1) cause errors to appear in,- The Academy ruled that such foreign expressions were not permitte
20、d, as they corrupted the language.,2) cause to act dishonestly in return for personal gains,- To our great surprise, the former mayor turned out to have been corrupted by the desire for money and power.,- To gain more profits, the businessman tried every means to corrupt the officials in the local g
21、overnment.,ban: vt. forbid (sth.) officially - The local government will ban smoking in all public places in 2010. - Tom was banned from driving for one month after being caught speeding again. Pattern: ban sth. ban sb. from (doing) sth. n. ban (followed by on) - The ban on underground nuclear tests
22、 is a vital step toward disarmament.,necessity: n. 1) sth. You must have in order to live properly or do sth. - Water and air ate the basic necessity of life. - Nowadays many people would consider a car as a necessity. 2) the state of being necessary; the need for sth. - There is absolutely no neces
23、sity for you to be involved in the project. /- They reached an agreement on the necessity of educational reforms.,arouse: vt. to provoke (a particular feeling or attitude) The mans strange behavior aroused the policemans suspicions. The teacher tried his best to arouse his students interest in Engli
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