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1、Unit 4Sharing第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。AAre You Living Within Your MeansAre you struggling to get by or do you feel like youre living within your means? Do you feel “poor” or “rich”?For most of us, the answer may be all in our heads.University of Chica
2、go law professor Todd Henderson wrote a post entitled “We Are the Super Rich”, in which he says that those in his income bracket (upwards of $250,000) are by no means “rich”, and shouldnt have their taxes raised. After paying his mortgage, private school bills, taxes, insurance, doctors, groceries,
3、cellphones, cable, gas, etc., Henderson says that theres not much left. With a tax increase he fears hell have to get rid of the guy who cuts his lawn or his daughters art classes. If that doesnt work, he would sell his house or cars, he says.Setting aside Hendersons political argument, Arends advis
4、es him to “adjust his expectations”. Henderson obviously doesnt think hes rich, but hes still expecting a certain standard of living that he seems unable to afford. “The real challenge is to solve the psychological problems,” Arends adds.Thats a lesson Ive learned slowly after I became a parent:_Whe
5、n my son was born, we became a single earner household and sacrificed the necessities to do it. No more cable TV. No fixed phone. One cellphone shared between my husband and me. No more takeout lunch or dinner, no more dining outexcept very special occasions. No fancy vacations.We live in an apartme
6、nt that is small, but that we can afford. We rarely hire babysitters. A recovering clothes horse, I rely heavily on hand me downs.The way Ive come to see it, Ive given up small luxuries for two big ones: The best child care we can afford and the privilege of living in one of the best cities in the w
7、orld (New York)with incidentally a lot of free great things to do. Whether Im rich or poor seems pretty subjectivecompared to whom?Dear readers, are your expectations for your standard of living in line with how you live?()1.According to Paragraph 3, we know Todd Henderson_.Awas a poor person who co
8、uld only live from hand to mouthBwas very content with his present lifeCwanted to pay a higher tax which would help the poor a lotDthought a tax increase would lower his living standard()2.The underlined word “sacrificed” has a similar meaning to “_”Agave upBgave inCgave awayDgave out()3.Which of th
9、e following sentences can be added to Paragraph 5?AGod help those who help themselves.BI once thought the things I gave up were necessary, but I have come to realize they were luxuries.CDont waste time in doing useless things even they seem important.DLife is short so one should try to enjoy his lif
10、e in this short period of time.()4.We can infer from the passage that_.Athe author is now living in New YorkBthere used to be a cable TV and a fixed phone in the authors houseCthe author has to borrow money to pay the rent of the houseDthe couple didnt have a cellphone before你是在挣扎过活,还是量入为出?你感觉贫穷还是富有
11、?在本文中,作者将就这一问题给大家进行解答。1D细节理解题。由第三段Todd Henderson所说的话并结合本段最后一句话可得出答案。2A词义猜测题。结合下文“我们不再看有线电视,撤销了固定电话,我丈夫和我共用一部手机。除非有非常特殊的情况,否则不再外出吃饭”等信息可知,作者一家做出了必需的牺牲。这里give up与“放弃”和“牺牲”的意义最接近。另外,下一段第一句话用到了这个短语。3B篇章结构题。结合倒数第三段及倒数第二段第一句可知答案。B项“放弃的一些东西,我曾经认为那些是必需的,但逐渐认识到它们其实是奢侈品”正符合下文的描述。4B推理判断题。结合倒数第三段前三句话可知,作者放弃了一些东
12、西,他们不再看有线电视,撤销了固定电话。故选择B项。BWeb logs“blogs” for shortare very popular among young people. Blogs are used to post thoughts, opinions, photos, and other materials on the web for the online community to read. Some bloggers have their own websites, others post their blogs on one of many bloghosting sites
13、. Blogs, a source of news, however, are not fixed communications. Postings can be added and replied to on a continuing basis.While children may enjoy “blogging”, it can be dangerous. Online predators who search bloghosting sites for potential targets, can learn personal information about the childre
14、n who post blogs. Furthermore, predators are always able to contact the child who posted the blog by sending a message through the website.Parents should be careful that their children dont get into any danger. To protect them, they can do the following things:Warn children of the possible danger of
15、 blogs. Dont allow your children to post a blog. Explain to them that blogs can often be viewed even by people whom they should not trust. Make sure your children know never to let out personal information on the Internet, whether through a blog, chat room, or email. Even seemingly innocuous informa
16、tionsuch as the mascot (吉祥物) of their schoolcan help strangers determine where they live. Consider equipping monitoring software that will enable you to monitor how the computer is being used and what your child is doing on it. Remind your children that they should not contact anyone online whom the
17、y dont know in person, even if the person has a blog that looks interesting to them. If your child has posted a blog on the Internet, check the content regularly.Always get to know your childrens online friends with whom they are communicating.()5.Which one is NOT the reason why blogs are popular am
18、ong young people?ABecause they can post their photos. BBecause they provide communication. CBecause they are a source of news. DBecause they provide the most reliable news. ()6.The underlined word “innocuous” in the fifth paragraph probably means “_”AharmlessBvaluableCuseless Dharmful()7.Blogs are d
19、angerous for children because_.Achildren are easily interested by the outside worldBthe information posted on blogs can be viewed by anyoneCparents have difficulty monitoring children on the InternetDchildren have a strong sense of protecting themselves ()8.What is the purpose of the passage?ATo war
20、n people of the possible dangers that blogs may cause. BTo persuade parents to keep their children from dangerous blogs. CTo advise parents to watch their children whenever they use blogs. DTo advise parents on how to protect children from the dangers of blogs.尽管小孩子也喜欢博客,但是可能是危险的。为了使孩子们免受博客所带来的危险,父母
21、应该做到如下事项。5D细节理解题。根据第一段可知,作为信息来源,博客不是固定的交流,所发表的内容能够在连续的基础上被添加和回复,结合本题题干,故应选D。6C词义猜测题。根据第五段“Make sure your children knowwhere they live.”务必让你的小孩知道,从不在网上发布个人信息,无论是通过博客、聊天室还是电子邮件。甚至信息像是他们学校的吉祥物都能帮助陌生人确定他们住在哪里,结合选项,故应选C。7B细节理解题。根据第一段可知,向他们解释博客甚至可能被他们不信任的人浏览,结合本题题干,故应选B。8D写作意图题。根据第三段“Parents should be car
22、eful that their children dont get into any danger. To protect them, they can do the following things”,结合本题题干可知应选D。CThough cellphones are usually considered devices that connect people, they may make users less socially minded, finds a recent study from the University of Marylands Robert H. Smith Sch
23、ool of Business.Marketing professors Anastasiya Pocheptsova and Rosellina Ferraro, with graduate student, Ajay T. Abraham, conducted a series of experiments to test groups of cellphone users. The findings appear in their working paper, The Effect of Mobile Phone Use on Prosocial Behavior.Prosocial b
24、ehavior, as defined in the study, is action intended to benefit another person or society as a whole.The researchers found that after a short period of cellphone use the subjects were less inclined to volunteer for a community service activity when asked, compared to those in the controlgroup (对照组).
25、 The cell phone users were also less persistent in solving word problems even though they knew their answers would translate to a monetary donation to charity.The study involved separate sets of college student subjectsboth men and women are generally in their early 20s. “We would expect a similar p
26、attern of effects with people from other age groups,” said Ferraro. “Given the increasing pervasiveness (盛行) of cellphones, it does have the potential to have broad social effects.”The authors used previous research in explaining a root cause of their findings, “The cellphone directly arouses feelin
27、gs of connectivity to others, thereby fulfilling the basic human need to belong.” This results in reducing ones desire to connect with others or to engage in sympathic (同情的) and prosocial behavior. The study also distinguished its subjects from users of other social mediaFacebook usersin one of the
28、tests. The researchers found that participants felt more connected to others because of their cellphones than because of their Facebook accounts,suggesting that this difference in connectedness was the underlying driver of the observed phenomenon.()9.A person will conduct prosocial behavior when he_
29、.Auses the cellphone a lotBtakes part in community service activitiesCis closely connected to his friendsDuses the cellphone for a period of time()10.Students who use cellphones a lot are less willing to volunteer for a community service activity because they_.Afeel directly connected to othersBhave
30、 broader social responsibilitiesCare more willing to solve world problemsDwant to separate themselves from others()11.Which could be the best title for the passage?AThe Harmful Effect of Cellphone UseBCellphone Use Is Linked to Selfish BehaviorCCellphone Use Leads to Prosocial BehaviorDCellphone Use
31、 Has Broad Social Effects本文介绍了一项最新的研究结果。研究发现,使用手机的人往往不愿意从事有利于他人和社会的行为。9B推理判断题。文章第三段中解释了prosocial behavior是一种有利于社会或者他人的行为,而第四段中提到手机使用者更不喜欢参与社区服务活动,因此可排除A、D两项;倒数第二段中解释了手机使用者为什么不愿意做prosocial behavior,C项可据此排除。10A细节理解题。由文章倒数第二段中可知,手机用户内心感觉与他人联系紧密,没有去帮助别人或参加公益事业的精神需求。11B标题归纳题。本文主要告诉我们一项调研的发现:使用手机的人往往不愿意从事
32、有利于他人和社会的行为,变得自私。故B项最能表达文章的主旨。DAlthough Ripton Rosen was a white boy living in a luxurious penthouse (豪华公寓), he liked to play baseball with his black teammates of the same street. Ripton sometimes invited the boys to his home to play video games. As time went on, several of them became frequent visi
33、tors to the 16thfloor penthouse. In time, the group developed into five regulars (常客):Will and Kindu, Philippe Medina, Juan Carlos Robinson and Carlos Suarez.“In the beginning, it was just a lot of kids moving all over the place,” says Michael, Riptons father. Things then began changing in small way
34、s. When the Rosens realized Carlos wasnt attending school because he didnt have suitable clothes, they bought him some. Then one night, they took the group to a bookstore after a Chinese dinner and realized there were other_needs. “The boys had no interest in books at all,” Michael says. Back at the
35、 penthouse, he insisted they sit down to read aloud and start a halfhour reading period before video games or television every day.Slowly the five black boys became a necessary part of the Rosen family. Housework was assigned, including cleaning, loading the dishwasher and walking Mr.Jenkins, the fa
36、mily dog.The boys own families were puzzled by what was happening. “My mom didnt believe me when I told her about the penthouse,” says Kindu. “She thought I was involved with something bad.” Juan Carlos mother, Esther Ruiz, wondered, “Why would the Rosens be doing this?” But as time went on, she not
37、iced changes in her son. “He was getting responsible. The Rosens are the best.”()12.The underlined words “other needs” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to the need of_.AknowledgeBtextbookCcatalogueDpaperwork()13.We learn from the passage that the Rosens_.Adevoted themselves to fighting discriminationBk
38、new a lot about how to encourage childrenCregarded friendship as the most important thingDtreated the black boys with great kindness()14.The boys parents felt_about the Rosens at last.AcertainBgratefulCmodestDsecure()15.The passage is constructed to confirm the fact that_.Aparents are expected to tr
39、eat other children as generously as possibleBchildren ought to be encouraged to make friends with each otherCall men are created equal,and there should be no racial divisionDeveryone is likely to be grateful for whatever kindness others have shown本文通过一个白人男孩与黑人孩子成为朋友的故事告诉我们:白人与黑人同样具有关爱他人与得到爱的权利,种族歧视不
40、应存在。12A细节理解题。第二段指出Michael带孩子们去书店,发现他们对读书没有一点兴趣,回家后,他便要求孩子们开始学习。这说明孩子们需要知识。13D推理判断题。从第二、三两段可以看出五个黑人孩子在Rosen家受到了关爱,因此可以推断Rosen夫妇对这五个黑人孩子非常好,故选D项。14B推理判断题。由文章最后一段可推知,五个黑人孩子的家长对Rosen夫妇应该是非常感激的。15C推理判断题。Rosen夫妇对五个黑人孩子非常关爱,孩子们也变得很有责任感,因此Juan Carlos的母亲感激不尽,文章旨在传达:不论黑人白人,人人都是平等的,都有关爱别人的义务和得到关爱的权利;种族歧视不该存在,应
41、当废除。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。_16_One of the best things you can possibly do is to start your own club. Its great fun especially if you are the sort of person who feels theres never anything to do during the school holidays.The first thing you need to come up with
42、 is an idea for your club._17_Pets, clothes, pop music or dancing groups, sports, making things? The list is endless.Next you need some friends to be in your club with you._18_All you need is three or four other people who are interested in the same thing as you._19_You should all sit down somewhere
43、 together with lots of pieces of paper and write down every name you can think up. Thatll keep you busy for ages.At your first meeting you should make up a rule book. And the first rule should be no grown ups or little/big brothers or sisters! The best clubs are always secret!Now you have just about
44、 everything you need, except membership cards. These are very important and again you can spend a lot of time making them._20_Why not leave some space for a photo of yourself? That will make the membership card really look like it.So there you are, get clubbing! Once you get started youll think of l
45、oads of more interesting things to do!AThats easy.BEnjoy your own club! CInvite a designer to join you.DWhat are you interested in?ESome vacation is just around the corner.FThen you need to pick a name for your club.GUse a bright thick pen to make a special design.【答案】1620EDAFG第二部分英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第
46、一节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。The amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world._21_springs and streams sometimes means control, particularly in the_22_areas like the desert.The control is possible even without possession of large area
47、s of_23_land. In the early days of the American West, gun fights were not_24_for the water resources (资源). And laws had to be_25_to protect the water rights of the_26_and the use of the water resources accordingly._27_is known to us all, there is not_28_water in all places for everyone to use as much as he likes. Deciding on the_29_of water that will be used in any particular period_30_careful planning, so that people can manage and use water more_31_.Farmers have to change their use of or demand for water_32_the water supply forecast (预报)The_33_water supply forecast is based m
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