2019医学统计学ppt英文课件CH05 description of categorical data.ppt
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1、Chapter 5 Description of categorical data,Content,Rate、proportion and ratio Application of relative numbers Standardization of rate Dynamic series and analysis index,Section 1 Relative Numbers,1、Rate 2、Proportion 3、Ratio,1、Rate,Rate:To describe the frequency or intension of some phenomenon.,=,Number
2、 of individual occurred some thing within a period of time,Rate,The whole number of likely to occurred some thing in the same period,Example1 To investigate 8589 old people in some city in 1998, and 2823 people had hypertension. Morbidity rate: 2823 / 8589 100% = 32.87%,2、Proportion,Proportion: To d
3、escribe the ratio of number of one part and the whole number in the same thing. Formula:,100%,=,Number of individuals in one part,Proportion,The whole number of individuals,Example2 Calculate the patients proportion of 5 diseases in one hospital in 1990 and 1998.,Example2 Calculate the patients prop
4、ortions of 5 diseases in one hospital in 1990 and 1998.,Characteristics: (1)Summation of proportions in one thing is 100%. (2)Proportions in the same thing are interactional.,3、Ratio,Ratio: the quotient of two related indexs Formula:,(100%),A index,Ratio=,B index,Example3 There are 370 male newborns
5、 and 358 female newborns in a hospital in one year, then The sex ratio of newborn babies: 370/358100 = 103,Section 2 Application of relative numbers,1、The denominator of relative number should not be too small. 2、Proportion should not substitute rate. 3、To calculate the total rate correctly. 4、Compa
6、rison of relative numbers 5、 Comparison of sample rate(proportion)should do hypothesis test.,Section 3 Standardization of rate,1、Definition To calculate standard rate by uniform interior constitute. Standardization (or adjustment) of rates is used to enable the valid comparison of groups that differ
7、 regarding an important health determinant (most commonly age). It is in fact a specific application of the general methods to control for confounding factors.,2、Calculation Method Direct standardization Indirect standardization,Approach 1.Choose the correct method by condition of data. 2.Choose sta
8、ndard composing. 3.Calculate standard rate.,Formula Direct standardization,Indirect standardization,Example4 To calculate standard cure rate of two therapeutics.,Approach: 1)Disease cure rate of two therapeutics is known- Direct standardization 2)Choose total patients number of two therapeutics as s
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