商务英语阅读(基础篇)Unit 10 Foreign Trade Association.ppt
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1、Unit 10 Foreign Trade Association,I. Reading Practice Text A,Introduction Nowadays, we talk more and more about foreign trade. Then, do you know what foreign trade is, the reason why we need to increase foreign trade and the benefits of foreign trade. Now you may read the text to find out the answer
2、.,What is Foreign Trade? If you walk into a supermarket and you are able to buy South American bananas, Brazilian coffee and a bottle of South African wine, you are experiencing the effects of foreign trade. Foreign trade allows us to expand our markets for both goods and services that otherwise may
3、 not have been available to us. It is the reason why you can pick between a Japanese, German and American car. As a result of foreign trade, the market contains greater competition and therefore more competitive prices, which bring a cheaper product home to the consumer.,Definition of Foreign Trade
4、Foreign trade is the exchange of goods and services between countries. This type of trade gives rise to a world economy, in which prices, or supply and demand, affect and are affected by global events. Political change in Asia, for example, could result in an increase in the cost of labor, thereby i
5、ncreasing the manufacturing costs for an American sneaker company based in Malaysia, which would then result in an increase in the price that you have to pay to buy the tennis shoes at your local mall. A decrease in the cost of labor, on the other hand, would result in you having to pay less for you
6、r new shoes. Trading globally gives consumers and countries the opportunity to be exposed to goods and services not available in their own countries. Almost every kind of product can be found on the international market: food, clothes, spare parts, oil, jewelry, wine, stocks, currencies and water. S
7、ervices are also traded: tourism, banking, consulting and transportation. A product that is sold to the global market is an export, and a product that is bought from the global market is an import. Imports and exports are accounted for in a countrys current account in the balance of payments.,Increa
8、sed Efficiency of Trading Globally Global trade allows wealthy countries to use their resources - whether labor, technology or capital - more efficiently. Because countries are endowed with different assets and natural resources (land, labor, capital and technology), some countries may produce the s
9、ame good more efficiently and therefore sell it more cheaply than other countries. If a country cannot efficiently produce an item, it can obtain the item by trading with another country that can. This is known as specialization in foreign trade. Lets take a simple example. Country A and Country B b
10、oth produce cotton sweaters and wine. Country A produces 10 sweaters and six bottles of wine a year while Country B produces six sweaters and 10 bottles of wine a year. Both can produce a total of 16 units. Country A, however, takes three hours to produce the 10 sweaters and two hours to produce the
11、 six bottles of wine (total of five hours). Country B, on the other hand, takes one hour to produce 10 sweaters and three hours to produce six bottles of wine (total of four hours).,But these two countries realize that they could produce more by focusing on those products with which they have a comp
12、arative advantage. Country A then begins to produce only wine and Country B produces only cotton sweaters. Each country can now create a specialized output of 20 units per year and trade equal proportions of both products. As such, each country now has access to 20 units of both products. We can see
13、 then that for both countries, the opportunity cost of producing both products is greater than the cost of specializing. More specifically, for each country, the opportunity cost of producing 16 units of both sweaters and wine is 20 units of both products (after trading). Specialization reduces thei
14、r opportunity cost and therefore maximizes their efficiency in acquiring the goods they need. With the greater supply, the price of each product would decrease, thus giving an advantage to the end consumer as well. Note that, in the example above, Country B could produce both wine and cotton more ef
15、ficiently than Country A (less time). This is called an absolute advantage, and Country B may have it because of a higher level of technology. However, according to international trade theory, even if a country has an absolute advantage over another, it can still benefit from specialization.,Other P
16、ossible Benefits of Trading Globally Foreign trade not only results in increased efficiency but also allows countries to participate in a global economy, encouraging the opportunity of foreign direct investment (FDI), which is the amount of money that individuals invest into foreign companies and ot
17、her assets. In theory, economies can therefore grow more efficiently and can more easily become competitive economic participants. For the receiving government, FDI is a means by which foreign currency and expertise can enter the country. These raise employment levels and, theoretically, lead to a g
18、rowth in the gross domestic product. For the investor, FDI offers company expansion and growth, which means higher revenues.,Free Trade vs. Protectionism As with other theories, there are opposing views. Foreign trade has two contrasting views regarding the level of control placed on trade: free tra
19、de and protectionism. Free trade is the simpler of the two theories: a laissez-faire approach, with no restrictions on trade. The main idea is that supply and demand factors, operating on a global scale, will ensure that production happens efficiently. Therefore, nothing needs to be done to protect
20、or promote trade and growth because market forces will do so automatically. In contrast, protectionism holds that regulation of foreign trade is important to ensure that markets function properly. Advocates of this theory believe that market inefficiencies may hamper the benefits of foreign trade an
21、d they aim to guide the market accordingly. Protectionism exists in many different forms, but the most common are tariffs, subsidies and quotas. These strategies attempt to correct any inefficiency in the international market. (973 words),Words and Expressions 1 available veilbl adj. 可用的; 有空的; 可会见的;
22、 2 exchange iksteind n. 交换; 交易; 3 sneaker sni:k n. 橡皮底帆布鞋; 4 expose ikspuz vt. 使暴露; 使遭受; 使曝光 5 spare sp n. 备用零件 6 currency krnsi n. 货币; 通用,流通 7 capital kpitl n. 资本; 资金; 8 specialization , spelaizen n. 特别化; 专门化; 9 comparative kmprtiv adj. 比较(上)的; 按比较估计的; 相当的 10 output autput n. 产量; 输出; 11 proportion
23、prp:n n. 比,比率; 12 specifically spisifikli adv. 特有地,明确地,13 access kses vt. 接近,进入; 14 maximize mks , maiz vt. 最大化,使(某事物)增至最大限度; 15 efficiency ifinsi n. 效率,效能; 16 asset set n. 资产,财产 17 expertise , ekspti:z n. 专门知识或技能; 18 gross grus adj. 总的;毛的; 19 revenue revnju: n. (国家的)岁入,税收,(土地,财产等的)收入,收益,所得,(个人的)固定收
24、入; 复数总收入; 20 protectionism prteknizm n. 保护主义,贸易保护制度 21 hamper hmp vt. 妨碍,束缚,限制 22 tariff trif n. 关税; 23 subsidy sbsidi n. 补贴; 津贴; 24 quota kwut n. (正式限定的)定量,定额; 配额; 指标,Notes 1 Because countries are endowed with different assets and natural resources (land, labor, capital and technology) 由于国家被赋予了不同的资
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