大学英语跨文化交际chapter8 Cultural influences.ppt
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1、大学英语 跨文化交际,Chapter 8 Cultural influences on Contexts,Questions for Chapter 7,Explain Edward T. Halls Context-Culture Theory, illustrate with examples when necessary. Explain Kluckhohn and Strodtbecks Value Orientation Theory, illustrate with examples when necessary. Explain Hofstedes Dimensions of C
2、ultural Variability Theory, illustrate with examples when necessary.,Cultural Influences on Contexts,Business Etiquette Norms,Cultures Influence,Role Behaviors of Students and Teachers,Cultures Influence,Family and Gender Roles,The Business Context,The Educational Context,The Health Care Context,Com
3、munication and Context,Classroom Participation,Conversational Structures and Language,Management,Turn Taking,Cultures Influence,Communication is influenced by external environment: all human interaction is influenced to some degree by the social, physical, and cultural settings in which it occurs. T
4、his is known as the communication context. Three basic assumptions about human communication: Communication is rule governed. Contexts specify the appropriate rules. Rules are culturally diversed.,TEXT A Communication and Context,Chapter 8 Cultural Influences on Context,Communication is rule governe
5、d,People expect culturally determined patterns of behavior or rules to govern their interactions,The rules differ depending on the context.,Chapter 8 Cultural Influences on Context,Contexts specify the appropriate rules,Contexts as a classroom, bank, church, hospital, courtroom, wedding, or funeral
6、determine which communication rules apply,Chapter 8 Cultural Influences on Context,bank,Chapter 8 Cultural Influences on Context,funeral,Rules are culturally diversed.,Although cultures have many of the same social settings or contexts, they may employ different rules. Consequently, concepts of dres
7、s, time, language, manners, nonverbal behavior, and control of the communication flow can differ significantly among cultures.,Chapter 8 Cultural Influences on Context,TEXT B The Business Context,Cultures Influence on the Business Context Management Business Etiquette Norms,Chapter 8 Cultural Influe
8、nces on Context,Cultures Influence on the Business Context,Business negotiation is intertwined with cultural exchange. This is due to globalization, which is a result of growth in U.S. and foreign multinational industries since the 1960s.,Chapter 8 Cultural Influences on Context,Management,“Manageme
9、nt” can be viewed differently from culture to culture. 1.Management In China 2.Management in the United States 3.Management in Germany 4.Management in Japan 5.Management in France 6.Management in Mexico and Latin America,Chapter 8 Cultural Influences on Context,1.Management In China,Chinese business
10、 values emphasize kinship, interpersonal connections, respect for elders, and hierarchy.,Chapter 8 Cultural Influence on Contexts,2.Management in the United States,In the United States, the manager is a cultural hero. Dominant managerial values in the United States include “achievement and success,
11、belief in hard work, pragmatism, optimism, Puritanism, rationality, impersonality in interpersonal work relationships, equality of opportunity, acceptance of competition, and individualism.”,Chapter 8 Cultural Influence on Contexts,3.Management in Germany,In Germany, the manager is not a cultural he
12、ro. In fact, Germans do not have a very strong concept of management. (权利分散),Chapter 8 Cultural Influence on Contexts,4.Management in Japan,The Japanese do not share a strong sense of management. Managers, section chiefs or department heads, value “groupism, harmony, acceptance of hierarchy in work
13、relationships, sense of obligation, debt of lower level personnel to superiors, and consensual decision making.”,Chapter 8 Cultural Influence on Contexts,4.Management in Japan,日本企业是在60、70年代经济高速发展时期迅速地发展壮大起来的,他们的发展壮大不仅有经济的原因,还有社会的原因,其中也有当时的国际形式带来的好机遇。欧美是十分突出各人作用的,以理性的思维考虑一切问题,往往是六亲不认。而日本人恰恰相反,他们突出的是群
14、体的作用,以“和“为“贵”,这种思想来源于中国的儒家学说。在日本,企业经营就是以此作为其理论的依据。,Chapter 8 Cultural Influence on Contexts,5.Management in France,In France, managers act in very superior roles.,Chapter 8 Cultural Influence on Contexts,6.Management in Mexico and Latin America,The Mexican and Latin American managerial style has oft
15、en been characterized as autocratic(独裁的) and paternalistic(家长式作风).,Chapter 8 Cultural Influence on Contexts,Business Etiquette Norms,Appointment seeking The Date for Business Greeting behavior Gift giving,Chapter 8 Cultural Influences on Context,Appointment seeking,When doing business in China, it i
16、s important to establish contacts before investing in a trip. In much of Latin America, appointments must be made a month in advance by mail or telephone and then followed up one week before the meeting To do business in Saudi Arabia, you must have a sponsor act as an intermediary, make appointment,
17、 and arrange meetings.,Chapter 8 Cultural Influence on Contexts,The Date for Business,In Saudi Arabia, no business is conducted during Aid-al-Fitrthe three-day festival of breaking fast at the end of the month of Ramadanand Aid-al-Adhathe three-day feast of sacrifice. In Japan, business is not condu
18、cted during New Years holidays, Golden Week (April 29 to May 5), and Obon (in mid-August), because many people travel to the graves of their ancestors. In Israel, the Jewish holy day, the Sabbath begins at sunset on Friday and ends at sunset on Saturday.,Chapter 8 Cultural Influence on Contexts,Gree
19、ting behavior,Chinese people usually offer a brief handshake on meeting, but a more common form of greeting is a nod or bow from the shoulders. In American, Both men and women shake hands on meeting and leaving. A small kiss on the cheek or a hug is appropriate between women or between men and women
20、 who have known each other for a long time. In Saudi Arabia, greetings involve numerous handshakes and tend to be expressive and elaborate. In Finland, firm handshakes are the normal greeting for men and women. In Finland, it is customary for women to be greeted first.,Chapter 8 Cultural Influence o
21、n Contexts,Chapter 8 Cultural Influence on Contexts,hug,kiss,Gift Giving,Most Americans view gift giving in the business setting as a form of bribery, but for many cultures, gift giving is a standard part of business.,Chapter 8 Cultural Influence on Contexts,TEXT C The Educational Context,Cultural i
22、nfluence on the educational context Role behaviors of students and teacher Classroom Participation Turn taking,Chapter 8 Cultural Influences on Context,A. Cultures Influence on the Educational Context,All participants in the educational context - teachers, students, parents, school administrators, a
23、nd other staff - bring their cultures beliefs, values, norms, and social practices with them.,Chapter 8 Cultural Influences on Context,B. Role Behaviors of Students and Teachers,Within many Asian and Asian American cultures, teachers are highly respected. Students and parents would not openly and di
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