推荐一个有适应性的数据分析法a plea for adaptive 但 - 国立政治大学.ppt
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1、新資訊世界的數據和數據分析 Data and Data Analysis in the New IT World,黄 鍔 國立中央大學 數據分析研究中心 Norden E. Huang Research Center for Adaptive Data Analysis National Central University 2008,什麼是數據? What is data?,Data (plural of Datum) Latin: data what is given Information; Facts, evidence, records, statistics, etc. from
2、which conclusions can be formed. Information in a form suitable for storing and processing by a computer. 數據就是信息,事實,證物,記錄,统計資料 等等可用來推導結論,Data, data, everywhere!,數據, 數據, 到處都是數據!,GoogleTrend : Happy,GoogleTrend : Love,GoogleTrend : Crisis,Data,“In God we trust”; everyone else has to show data. “我們相信上帝
3、”;其他人都得有數據.,為什麼要分析數據? Why do we need to analyze data?,Data are the only connects between us and the real world. Therefore, data analysis is the only way we can find out what is the truth. 數據是我們與真實世界唯一的連繫 數據分析就成了唯一尋求真理之道,數據分析和數據處理之不同 Data Processing and Data Analysis,Processing proces L. Processus pp
4、 of Procedere = Proceed: pro- forward + cedere, to go : A particular method of doing something. (數據)處理只是照特定方法做特定的動作. Analysis Gr. ana, up, throughout + lysis, a loosing : A separating of any whole into its parts, especially with an examination of the parts to find out their nature, proportion, funct
5、ion, interrelationship etc. (數據)分析是將整體分為部份、特別指檢驗部份以決定各部份之特性、成份、機能和相關性.,Motivations for alternatives: Problems for Traditional Methods,Physical processes are mostly nonstationary Physical Processes are mostly nonlinear Data from observations are invariably too short Physical processes are mostly non-
6、repeatable. Ensemble mean impossible, and temporal mean might not be meaningful for lack of stationarity and ergodicity. Traditional methods are inadequate.,Some New Approaches for Data Analysis,Categorization and classification Quantification of complexity Time-Frequency Analysis with Adaptive Basi
7、s.,1. Categorization or Classification,The work by Linnaeus is the key to the progress in biological sciences. 複雜數據分類,Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linn) 1707-1778,God created, Linnaeus organized.,With the exception of Shakespeare and Spinoza, I know no one among the no longer living who has influenced me
8、 more strongly. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe,數據分析的的第一步 一個數據分析的例子,Categorization or Classification 複雜數據分類,基於重複模式的 複雜數據分類 Categorize complex signals based on the occurrences of repetitive patterns: Based on the work of Albert Yang (VGHTPE) and C. K Peng (Harvard, Medical School),Illustration of this App
9、roach for comparison of human literary texts,Repetitive patterns: words,Yang et al. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 90:108103; Physica A 2003:329:473-83; J Comput Biol 2005; 12:1103 Peng et al. Chaos 2007 (in press),Dis-Similarity Index,Phylogenetic Tree Distance matrix method 多基因源樹分析,Similar,Not similar,Phylog
10、enetic Tree 多基因源樹分析,誰寫的莎翁劇本? Who Wrote Shakespeares Plays?,Shakespeare,Marlowe,這分析法就像把所有的字都丟到菓汁機一樣 It is like taking all the words and throwing them in the blender a leading Shakespeare scholar,文章比較分析 Comparison of Human Texts,個體出現頻比圖 Rank Comparison Maps,Shakespeare vs. Shakespeare,Shakespeare vs.
11、Fletcher,Rank (Cymbeline),Rank (Bonduca),Authorship Problem,Chinese literary debate: Dream of the Red Chamber,Authorship Problem,其他的數據分類應用 Other Applications of Categorization,生物醫學應用 Bio-medical Applications,應用於基因序列 Application to Genetic Sequences,Picture obtained from www.genetic-programming.org,D
12、NA “Words 詞(辭) ”,TACCCCCACTGTCAACCCAACACAGGCATG,5,3,個體出現頻比圖 Rank Comparison Maps,Same Species,Different Species,生理數據測試 Quiz on physiologic dynamics,Heart Failure,Heart Failure,Normal,Atrial Fibrillation,Loss of dynamical fluctuations is bad 失去動態變化是不好的 Not all dynamical fluctuations are good 但是,不是所有的
13、動態變化都是好的,Heart Rate (bpm),Heart Rate (bpm),Heart Rate (bpm),Heart Rate (bpm),Time (min),Time (min),D = 0.10,Health vs. Health,人類心率分析 Comparison of Human Heartbeat,人類心率的多基因源樹分析 Phylogenetic Tree of Human Heartbeat,甴數據分類 到 數據定性與定量 From classification to qualification and Quantification,From relative c
14、omparisons to absolute values,2. Quantification of Complexity,生物系统都是非常複雜的 All biological systems are extremely complex.,量測複雜性 Quantification of Complexity,生物系统都是非常複雜的 All biological systems are extremely complex.,The complexity of a biological system should be a measure of the systems capacity to ad
15、apt and function in an ever changing environment. The system that can adapt to the most external challenges (stresses) will have the best advantage for survival. 複雜性是生物系统對無時不變環境 適應的結果 有適應性才能生存,什麽是複雜性? What is Complexity?,All biological systems will evolve to increase their dynamical capacity (comple
16、xity). 所有的生物都由演化而增加複雜性,複雜性增加的原則 Principle of Increasing Complexity,Corollary: Aging and disease will degrade a systems complexity 衰老和疾病都會使複雜性減低,Biological systems are constantly perturbed by external stimuli even under basal conditions. Thus, the dynamical responses to these challenges will reflect
17、a systems complexity. 對外界刺激動態反應就表現它的複雜性,如何測量複雜性? How to Quantify Complexity?,Goal: To quantify dynamical complexity of a physiologic system by studying its fluctuations 目的: 甴研究數據的變動給複雜性定量,disorder,order,good variability,傳統熵的定量法 Conventional entropy measure,理想的複雜性定量 Expected complexity measure,熵能給複雜性
18、定量嗎? Can entropy be used as a complexity measure?,order,disorder,critical point,T,Scale-invariant symmetry,複雜性定量的新方法 A New Way to quantify complexity, MSE,Multi-Scale Entropy (MSE) is a quantitative measure to estimate the complexity of a system through examining the information richness of its outp
19、ut signal on multiple scales. Costa, Goldberger, Peng: Phys Rev Lett 2002;89:068102 Phys Rev Lett 2003;91:119802 Phys Rev Lett 2004;92:089804 Phys Rev E 2005; 71:021906 多尺度熵: 複雜性定量法, 用以檢驗多尺度數據,計算多尺度熵: Calculating Sample Entropy,ln(patterns of length m) ln(patterns of length m+1),Pattern ,多尺度熵: 白噪音和
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