2016_2017学年高中英语Unit4Sharing第3_4课时试题含解析新人教版选修720170.doc
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1、Unit 4 Sharing(3)限制性定语从句一、定语从句的相关概念1. 定语从句:在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。2. 先行词:被定语从句修饰的词,叫先行词。3. 关系词:引导定语从句的词,叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词(that,which,who,whom,whose,as等) 和关系副词(when,where,why等)两类。关系词通常有三个作用: (1)连接定语从句; (2)指代先行词; (3)在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。4. 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。She is the girl that you want to know. 她
2、是你想认识的女孩。(限制性定语从句)He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没理解我的意思,这使我很心烦。(非限制性定语从句)5. 限制性定语从句用来修饰和限制先行词,与先行词之间的关系非常密切,它所修饰的先行词代表一个(些) 或一类特指的人或物,说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况,如果去掉,则意思含混不清。二、关系代词引导的定语从句1. 定语从句中的引导词及其在从句中的作用所作成分代替人代替物代替人或物主语whowhichthat宾语whom/whowhichthat定语whose/of w
3、homwhose/of whichIs he the man who/that wants to see you?他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher.刚才和你说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师。The package(which/that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped
4、.你拿的那个包裹快要散开了。(which/that在从句中作宾语)A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.双亲都死了的孩子叫作孤儿。(whose表示那个孩子的双亲)He lives in a room whose window faces south.他住在那个窗户朝南的房子里。(whose表示那个房子的窗户)2. 关系代词that和which的用法区别情况说明只用that不用which先行词是不定代词或由不定代词修饰时先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被其修饰时先行词被the very,the only等修饰时主句是以which,wh
5、at,who开头的特殊疑问句时先行词既有人也有物时两个定语从句中一个关系代词用which,另一个要用that只用which不用that引导非限制性定语从句时关系代词前有介词时先行词本身是that时It is the best film(that)I have seen.这是我看过的最棒的电影。He is the very man that they are looking for.他正是他们在寻找的人。They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.他们谈到他们记得的学校的那些人和事。3. 关系代词as引
6、导限制性定语从句的用法(1)as既可指人又可指物,在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等,引导限制性定语从句时的固定搭配:the same .as .;such .as .;so/as .as .She is such a nice girl as we all like.她是一个我们大家都喜欢的好女孩。【注意】This is such a beautiful park that everyone wants to visit it.这是一个如此漂亮的公园以至于每个人都想去参观。This is such a beautiful park as everyone wants to visit.这是一个如此
7、漂亮的每个人都想去参观的公园。句由于从句中不缺少任何语法成分,故从句在这个结构中为结果状语从句。句从句中动词visit缺少宾语,故应用关系代词as引导定语从句。(2)the same .as与the same .that的区别: This is the same pen as I bought yesterday. 这和我昨天买的那支钢笔一样。This is the same pen that I bought yesterday.这就是我昨天买的那支钢笔。三、关系副词引导的定语从句1. 常用的关系副词:when,why,where(在从句中只作状语)2. 意义及作用关系副词先行词在从句中的成
8、分when名词,表时间时间状语why名词,表原因原因状语where名词,表地点地点状语Ill never forget the day(that/which)we spent together last week.我将永远不会忘记上周我们一起度过的那一天。Ill never forget the day when I got to know you.我将永远不会忘记我认识你的那天。I dont like the way(that/in which)he talks.我不喜欢他谈话的方式。Do you know the reason why(for which)he was so sorry?你
9、知道他那么难过的原因吗?【注意】当先行词为表示抽象的情形、局势、范围、处境、程度、状态等的词,如situation,stage,point等,且先行词在定语从句中作状语时,常用关系副词where引导。They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。四、介词关系代词引导的定语从句有时从句中的介词可以提前到关系代词之前,形成介词关系代词结构,关系代词可以用which,whose,whom,不可以用that。介词关系代词引导定语从句常见的有以下几种结构:(1)介词关系代词Man
10、dela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.Mandela was the black lawyer whom I went to for advice.曼德拉是我寻求帮助的一位黑人律师。 (2)名词/代词/数词介词关系代词He wrote a book, the name of which Ive completely forgotten.他写了一本书,书名我完全给忘记了。The old man has two daughters, both of whom are doctors.那位老人有两个女儿,她们都是医生。(3)形容词最高
11、级介词关系代词China has thousands of islands,the largest of which is Taiwan.中国有成千上万的岛屿,其中最大的是台湾。 (4)介词关系代词名词I called him by the wrong name,for which mistake I apologized.我叫错了他的名字,为此我向他表示了歉意。(不能使用whose)五、定语从句中需注意的问题1. 当先行词为表示方式的the way时,从句不能用how来引导,应用that或in which,或将它们全部省略。2. as引导限制性定语从句时,常用于下列句式中:such名词as
12、.像一样的;the same名词 as .和同样的。3. 当先行词是time时,若time表示次数,应用that引导定语从句,并且that可以省略;若time表示一段时 间讲,应用when或at/duringwhich引导定语从句。This is the second time(that)the president has visited the country.这是这位总统第二次访问这个国家。This is at a time when/during which there were no radios,no telephones or no TV sets.这是在一个没有收音机,没有电话,
13、也没有电视的时代。4. 定语从句中的主谓一致当关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句中谓语动词的数原则上要与先行词保持一致,但要注意以下几点:先行词是one of复数名词结构时,关系代词引导的定语从句中的谓语动词一般用复数形式;但如有the very,the only,the first,the last,the right等修饰one时,谓语动词用单数。This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.这是被问过的最有意思的问题之一。She is the only one of the girls who studi
14、es hard.她是这些女孩中唯一一个刻苦学习的。1. (2016北京)I live next door to a couple _children often make a lot of noise.A. whoseB. whyC. whereD. which2. (2015浙江)Creating an atmosphere _employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.A. asB. whoseC. in whichD. at which3. (2015天津)The boss of the company is trying to cr
15、eate an easy atmosphere _his employees enjoy their work.A. whereB. whichC. whenD. who4. (2015天津)As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time _he should be able to be independent.A. whichB. whereC. whomD. when5. (2015安徽)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill u
16、pon _ school education depends.A. itB. thatC. whoseD. which. 用适当的关系词或介词关系代词填空1. Is this the factory _ you visited last Friday?2. This is the very house _ I live in 5 years ago.3. The picture of the river brought the hours back to the old man _ he worked as a soldier.4. Luckily, wed brought a road ma
17、p without _ we would have lost our way.5. I have many friends _ _ some are foreign teachers. 用适当的关系词完成句子1. Do you remember the year _(我们一起生活)?2. That is the day _(我将永远不会忘记的)3. The factory _(我们下周将要参观的) is not far from here.4. Is there anyone in your class _(他的家庭在乡村)?5. He isnt such a man _(他过去的样子).单句
18、改错1Some of the boys I invited them didnt come._2Anyone who break the rules will be punished._3Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth._4This is the house where we lived in last year._5This factory is that I worked in._K真题1. A【解析】句意:我住在一对夫妻的隔壁,他们的孩子总是很吵闹。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导定语从 句修饰a couple,且关系词在从
19、句中作定语,故用关系代词whose。2. C【解析】句意:营造一种氛围,让员工们感觉(自己)是团队的一分子,此乃一大挑战。先行词是atmosphere, 空 处在定语从句中作地点状语, 在氛围中用介词in,所以选C。3. A【解析】句意:公司老板正在尽力营造一个员工们可以在其中快乐工作的轻松的氛围。空处替代先行词 atmosphere,且在定语从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词。4. D【解析】句意:作为家里孩子中最小的一个,Alex一直渴望着他能够有独立的时间。根据句子结构来判断,此句中the time后面是一个定语从句,且空处在从句中作状语,表示时间,所以要用关系副词when。5. D【解析】
20、Some experts think是主句,主句之后是省略了连词that的宾语从句;在名词skill之后则是一个由介词upon+关系代词引导的定语从句,定语从句中的主语school education前不需要加限定词,故排除作定语的whose,此处应填入关系代词which。句意:一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。K好题. 用适当的关系词或介词关系代词填空1. which2. that3. when4. which5. of whom. 用适当的关系词完成句子1.when we lived together2.that/which Ill never forget3.that/whic
21、h well visit next week4.whose family is in the country5.as he used to be.单句改错1.去掉them2.breakbreaks3.在Children后加who/that4.wherethat/which或去掉in5.在is后加the one人物描写包括人物的外部特征、性格特征、思想状态、行为语言等方面,用于表现人物的精神面貌、揭露人物的内心活动、提示人物的性格变化,以突出作品的主题思想。此类写作要求抓住人物特征的具体细节进行描写,分清主次,可以采用先总体、后局部的描述顺序。即先总体介绍此人所具有的特点,然后对其局部的一些细节
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