2017年高二英语暑期作业复习方法策略15讲第15讲构词法与其考查形式201708021144.doc
《2017年高二英语暑期作业复习方法策略15讲第15讲构词法与其考查形式201708021144.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《2017年高二英语暑期作业复习方法策略15讲第15讲构词法与其考查形式201708021144.doc(13页珍藏版)》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、第15讲构词法与其考查形式备考指导正确运用构词法知识,是词汇学习的重要途径,同时也是扩大词汇量的一个重要方法。英语中构词法主要可以分为派生法、转化法和合成法。牢固掌握并熟练运用构词法知识,不仅有助于提高考生对阅读中生词进行辨识的能力,更能够灵活运用到语法填空和短文改错对于词性转换的考查当中。一、构词法的分类(一)派生法在一个词的词根之前或之后加上某个词缀来生成一个新词的构词法,即称作派生法。加在词根之前的词缀叫作前缀,加在词根之后的为后缀。1英语常用前缀表a使,离,向awake使醒来apart使分离ac,ad,af,ag,al向,加强accelerate加强,加快affect影响anti反,防
2、止antitank反坦克的auto自,自动automation自动化be在,使beside在旁befall降临(于)bi双bicycle自行车bisexual两性的co共同,互相coexist共存com,con共同,加强combine联合confirm使加强de离,加强,降detrain下火车depicture描述dif分开,否定differ差异difficult困难dis否,离,安全disallow不准disroot根除disarrange搞乱e ,ex出,否定,加强educe引出estop阻止expand扩展en,em在内,用于,使encage关入笼embed使插入in ,im,il无,向
3、内,加强incorrect不正确impulse冲动inter在间international国际的kilo千kilometer千米micro微microbe微生物mini微小minibus小公共汽车neg不,非neglect忽视negate否定non不,非nonparty非党派的ob,oc,op越过,包围,逆反object目标oppose反抗out在外,除去outlaw逃亡者outroot根除over超出,反转overweight超重overthrow推翻per贯通,遍及perform完成perfect完美的post在后postwar战后的postern后门pre在前preface前言pro在前
4、,拥护prologue序言pro American亲美的re重复,相反recall回忆react反应se分离separate使分离select选出sub,suc,sug在下,次于subway地铁succeed继承sur超,外加surface表面surtax附加税tele远television电视trans超过,透过translate翻译transport运输un否定unfair不公平的up向上upset推翻upstairs在楼上uni单一united联合的unit单位2英语常用后缀表ability,ibility抽象名词stability稳定sensibility敏感性able,ible能的u
5、nable无能力的terrible可怕的acy性质,状态illiteracy文盲age动作,状态,总称(构成名词)postage邮费al动作,行为,的manual手册central中心an人,籍贯,的African非洲的publican酒店老板ance,ency行为,性质,状态distance距离currency流通ant,ent人,的assistant助手excellent优秀的ary地点,人,事物library图书馆military军事ate做,职位,的doctorate博士学位adequate足够的ation,ition动作,性质,状态invitation邀请addition附加物cra
6、ft技巧,工艺aircraft飞机handicraft手艺cy形状,状态,职位secrecy秘密fancy幻想dom状态,领域freedom自由kingdom王国ed有的cultured有教养的puzzled迷惑的ence,ency行为,性质,状态difference差异frequency频率er,eer,or人killer杀手engineer工程师doctor医生ern地点,方位eastern东方的cavern洞穴ese人,语言,国籍Chinese中国人Japanese日本人ess女性,雌性actress女演员hood状态,身份(构成名词)childhood童年livelihood生计ic学
7、术,职业,的music音乐atomic原子的ice人,抽象名词service服务novice新手ics学术(构成名词)physics物理学optics光学ing总称,抽象名词clothing衣服building建筑feeling感觉ion物品,抽象名词cushion坐垫expression表达ism主义,宗教Marxism马克思主义ist者(构成名词)communist共产主义者dentist牙医ive人,物,的native本地人attractive有吸引力的less无的homeless无家可归的fearless无畏的logy学(构成名词)zoology动物学biology生物学ly的,地da
8、ily每日的quickly迅速地ment状况,物,组织development发展department部门ness抽象名词darkness黑暗kindness和蔼ous有的(构成形容词)famous著名的dangerous危险的ship状况,事物(构成名词)friendship友谊leadership领导能力sion,tion动作,性质,状态expansion扩展description描述th状况,第youth青春health健康fifth第五ty状况,十specialty专业safety安全fifty五十ure状况,物(构成名词)pleasure快乐picture图画y状况,学术,小的harm
9、ony和谐botany植物学baby婴儿(二)合成法把两个或两个以上的单词合成一个新的单词的构词法叫作合成法,以合成法构成的单词叫作合成词,包括合成名词、合成动词、合成形容词、合成副词等。1合成名词babysitter 保姆software 软件freezing point 冰点sunbathing 日光浴breakthrough 突破output 输出shewolf 母狼soninlaw 女婿2合成形容词warmhearted 热心的absentminded 心不在焉的snowcovered 被雪覆盖的newlybuilt 新建的troublefree 无忧无虑的largescale 大规模
10、的easygoing 随和的fiveyearold 五岁的3其他合成词overcome 克服afterwards 后来outside 在外边(三)转化法转化法是由一种词类转化为一种或几种词类的构词法。这种构词法词形没有改变,转化后的单词在意义上通常与原单词有密切联系。转化规则名词动词动词名词例词face(n.脸v.面对)shoulder(n.肩v.肩负)water(n.水v.浇水)back(n.背v.支持)name(n.名字v.命名)look(v./n.)看try(v./n.)尝试dream(v./n.)梦想chat (v./n.)聊天转化规则形容词动词形容词副词例词empty(adj.空的v
11、.倒空)slow(adj.慢的v.减慢)dirty(adj.脏的v.弄脏)warm(adj.暖的v.使变暖)hard(adj.难的adv.努力)high(adj.高的adv.高)deep(adj.深的adv.深)wide(adj.宽的adv.宽)注意:high, deep, wide表示具体意义,而highly, deeply, widely表示抽象意义。二、构词法在考题中的考查形式多以派生词的形式考查。典例展示1They were the kind that I did not have in my _(collect)so I placed them carefully in my bag
12、.答案collection解析句意:因为它们是我收藏中没有的那种,因此我把它们小心地放在了我的包里。形容词性物主代词后需用名词形式,故答案为collection。典例展示2Would you take this along to the office for me?With _(please)答案pleasure解析句意你愿意为我把这个东西一起带到办公室吗?乐意效劳。with pleasure乐意效劳。典例展示3Ron had a _(success)career and worked for Ford before retiring and leading a relaxed life.答案
13、successful解析句意:在退休过轻松日子之前,罗恩在福特公司工作,他的事业很成功。名词career前需用形容词作定语,故答案为successful。典例展示4He must be _ (mental) disabled.答案mentally解析修饰分词形容词disabled,作状语,用副词形式,故填mentally。典例展示5His teacher took a deep drink, smiled _ (warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.答案warmly解析修饰谓语动词smiled,作状语,用副词形
14、式,故填warmly。典例展示6But Jane knew from past experience that her _ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.答案choice解析在that引导的宾语从句中作主语应当用名词,或者说,在形容词性物主代词后,一定是用名词形式,故填choice。跟踪训练考点突破.单句语法填空1It is _ (nature) that young people are often _ (comfort) when they are with their parents.2Todays experience
15、taught me some _ (value) lessons in my life.3_ (obvious), the story is not true, but the festival is interesting.4I was supposed to arrive at the airport on time._ (fortunate), I was held up by the heavy traffic jam.5Therefore, when they become older they are _ (able) to do any other kind of work.6T
16、he _ (mystery) letter sent from Taiwan made the professor lost in thought.7To make myself _, I would do some _ exercise after work. (relax)8Fresh fruits and vegetables can provide much of our daily _ (require). 9It is your _ (free) to do what you want after class.10However, most _ (science) agree th
17、at EQ has a lot to do with _ (educate).单句改错1In spite of repeated wrongs done to him, he looks friend to people greeting him._2I must be getting fat I can hard do my trousers up._3They dived deep into the forest and felt deep frightened._4Personal, I dont like him at all, but its strange that he shou
18、ld be so popular among the kids._5I wasnt blaming anyone; I mere said errors like this could be avoided._6We apologized for any convenience caused by the delay._7People with disabilities are now doing many things to rich their lives._8The fiveyearsold boy can sing the song very well._9Australia is a
19、n Englishspoken country._10She looked anxious. It seems that she has been involved in proper business deals._能力提升.阅读理解A holiday is any day when people lay aside their ordinary duties and cares.The word came from Old English.At first,holidays honored some holy events or persons.People in Great Britai
20、n and other countries speak of holidays as Americans speak of vacations.Every nation has its special holidays.China observes New Years Day (January 1),May Day and National Day as legal(法定的) holidays,as it was on Oct.1,1949 that the Peoples Republic of China was founded.The Chinese have long celebrat
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 2017 年高 英语 暑期 作业 复习方法 策略 15 构词法 与其 考查 形式 201708021144
链接地址:https://www.31doc.com/p-2872799.html