美国文学Unit条 4 Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864).ppt
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1、,Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864) by Liu Qinli,A,Romanticism: some main concepts,Sensibility Primitivism Sympathetic interests in the past Mysticism Individualism Sentimental melancholy Nature,http:/www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33,Contents:,I. Biography II. Influences on Hawthorne III. Works IV. Themes V
2、. Scarlet Letter,I. Biography,He was born in 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts. Ancestors: men of prominence in the Puritan theocracy of 17th-century New England. a colonial magistrate, the persecution of the Quakers, a judge, at the Salem Witchcraft Trial in 1692. “that blackness in Hawthorne.”,I. Biogr
3、aphy,worked at a Custom House in 1839. joined Brook Farm, a transcendentalist community in 1842. Married Sophie Peabody in 1842 and moved to The Old Manse in Concord, Massachusetts. published The Scarlet Letter in 1850 and befriended with Herman Melville. In 1853, the position of United States Consu
4、l in Liverpool. Buried on “Authors Ridge“ in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, Concord in 1864.,The Old Manse,The Wayside/Hillside House,The Wayside/Hillside House,In the Sleepy Hollow Cemetery,Hawthrones Tombstone,II. Influences on Hawthorne,1. Salem - early childhood, later work at the Custom House. 2. Puri
5、tan family background 3. Belief in the existence of the devil. 4. Belief in determinism.,III. Works,Collection of short stories Twice-Told Tales (1837) Mosses from an Old Manse (1846) Four remarkable novels: The Scarlet Letter (1850) The House of the Seven Gables (1851) The Blithedale Romance (1852)
6、 The Marble Faun (1860).,IV. Themes:,Ancestral sin Problem of guilt Alienation Complexity of human heart Puritan New England as a background and setting love vs. hate hypocrisy vs. integrity,V. The Scarlet Letter(1850),The Scarlet Letter(1850),The Scarlet Letter(1850),The Scarlet Letter(1850),V. The
7、 Scarlet Letter (1850) 1. Plot,1. Beginning( Conflict) Adultery, exposure and the resolution of revenge. 2. Development 1 stable and peaceful life, friendship with evil purpose 3. Development 2: private torments of guilt and shame 3. Development 3: the plan of escape 4. Suspense: plan discovered by
8、C. 5. Climax : Ds confession and death 6. Denouement: the fate of other three characters,2. Characters,Arthur Dimmesdale: an eminent minister in Boston and also the father of Pearl. His health is quite bad, and it is thanks to Roger Chillingworths potions that he is able to stay alive. Dimmesdale ad
9、mits to being Pearls father at the very end of the novel, and reveals that he has a scarlet letter branded into his flesh . He dies upon the scaffold while holding Hesters hand.,2. Characters:,Hester Prynne: the main character of The Scarlet Letter. the wife of Roger Chillingworth the mother of Pear
10、l the secret lover of Arthur Dimmesdale , Pearls father. the woman who must wear the scarlet letter,2. Characters,Pearl: Hesters daughter. a living version of the scarlet letter. extremely beautiful, but lacking certain Christian qualities. After Arthur Dimmesdale dies, Pearl becomes a normal child
11、and eventually marries.,2. Characters,Roger Chillingworth: Hesters husband from the Netherlands. He vows revenge on the father of Pearl, and soon thereafter moves in with Arthur Dimmesdale. His revenge is stifled at the end when Dimmesdale reveals that he is Pearls father before dying. Chillingworth
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