全国版2020版高考英语一轮复习话题练第17练科普知识与现代技术练习含解析2019052038.docx
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1、第17练 科普知识与现代技术基础巩固.单句语法填空1TheInternethasenabledus(know) andunderstandthewholeworldmuchbetter.2However,someofscientificinventionshaveevencausedgreatharmmankind.3Therapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology(bring) aboutgreatchangestohumanlifesofar.4Iwilltellyou(direct) thatscientistsarethosewhopromotethe
2、socialprogress.5In18thcentury,the(invent) ofthesteamengineledtothefirstIndustrialRevolution.6Weneedtoacceptthefactthatthesemoderninventionshavebroughtmuch(convenient) tous.7Incontrast,thisconditionjustindicatesthatourlifeisconnectedmoderninventionsclosely.8WhyIsayitnormalisbecauseIbelievethatnothing
3、is(absolute) goodandrightforus.9Exceptforthemoderninventionsoftransport,thereareplentyofotherthings,(include) robots.10Wecandomanythingsthatwedidnthavetheabilitytodointhepastby(use) robots.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)11Therobotswillbedesignedtolooklikepeopletomakethemattractiveandeasiertoselltothepublic.12Acompu
4、ternetworkallowsuserstoshareresourcesincludingequipmentsandinformation.13Butsomeonepointsoutitsdisadvantages,forexamples,ithassomuchjunkinformationthatbotherusalot.14Ifourgovernmentdoitwell,IfullbelievethattheInternetwillprovidemoreconvenienceforus.15Themoderntransportbenefitsourlife,thoughsomepeopl
5、ealsocriticizeitsothereremanyaccidents.16Actually,robotsofreallifealsohavedifferentkindsoffunctionsandtheygivetousmuchhelp.17Weliveinanagewhichmoreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.18Thenewtechnology,ifapplyingtoricegrowing,willhelpincreasethegrainoutput.19Hethoughtthatthekeytofeed
6、peoplewastohavemorericeandtoproduceitmorequickly.20Iwanttointroduceoneofthemostinfluentialmoderninventioninourlifethecomputernetwork.话题词汇1advantage n优势2artificial adj.人造的,人工的3negative effect负面影响4breakthrough n突破5surf the Internet上网6explore v探索7convenience n方便8with the development of.随着的发展9change one
7、s life改变某人的生活10drawback n缺点,不利条件能力提升.阅读理解A(2018辽宁葫芦岛一模)AccordingtoanewresearchfromtheUniversityofCambridgeinEngland,sheepareabletorecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs.Thefarmanimals,whoaresocialandhavelargebrains,werepreviouslyknowntobeabletorecognizeoneanother,aswellasfamiliarhumans.However,theirabil
8、itytorecognizehumanfacesfromphotosaloneisnovel.Therecentstudy,theresultsofwhichwerepublishedinthejournalRoyalSocietyshowedthatthewoollycreaturescouldbetrainedtorecognizestillimagesofhumanfaces,includingthoseofformerPresidentBarackObamaandactressEmmaWatson.Initially,thesheepweretrainedtoapproachcerta
9、inimagesbybeinggivenfoodrewards.Later,theywereabletorecognizetheimagesforwhichtheyhadbeenrewarded.Thesheepcouldevenrecognizeimagesoffacesshownatanangle,thoughtheirabilitytodosodeclinedbyabout15percentthesamerateatwhichahumansabilitytoperformthesametaskdeclines.“Anyonewhohasspenttimeworkingwithsheepw
10、illknowthattheyareintelligentandindividualanimalswhoareabletorecognizetheirhandlers.”saidProfessorJennyMorton,wholedtheCambridgestudy.“Weveshownwithourstudythatsheephaveadvancedfacerecognitionabilities,closetothoseofhumansandmonkeys.”Recognizingfacesisoneofthemostimportantsocialskillsforhumanbeings,
11、andsomedisordersofthebrain,includingHuntingtonsdisease,affectthisability.“Sheeparelonglivedandhavebrainsthataresimilarinsizeandcomplexitytothoseofsomemonkeys.Thatmeanstheycanbeusefulmodelstohelpusunderstanddisordersofthebrain,suchasHuntingtonsdiseasethatdevelopoveralongtimeandaffectcognitive(认知的) ab
12、ilities.Ourstudygivesusanotherwaytomonitorhowtheseabilitieschange.”Mortonsaid.21Accordingtothenewresearch,whatsunusualaboutsheep?ATheyhavelargebrains.BTheycanrecognizetheirowners.CTheycantellanimalsfromhumans.DTheycanrecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs.22Howdidtheresearcherstrainthesheep?ABygivingfoo
13、drewards.BByshowingphotosoffamouspeople.CByguidingthemtofollowtheirhandlers.DByshowingphotosofhumansandmonkeysbyturns.23Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?ASheephaveahigherfacerecognitionabilitythanmonkeys.BThenewdiscoveryisofgreatbenefittothestudyofcognitiveabilitychanges.CThesheepsfacerecognitionabil
14、itymaypreventsomedisordersofthebrain.DThesheepsfacerecognitionabilitystaysthesamewhenshownphotosatanyangle.24Whatsthebesttitleofthepassage?AAWonderfulScientistBTheLifeofSheepCANewDiscoveryAboutSheepDHowSheepRecognizeEachOtherB(2018四川内江一模)Inrecentyears,carmanufacturers(制造商) havebeenputunderpressureto
15、inventavehiclethatisbothcheapertorunandbetterfortheenvironment.Oneofthefirstideasthatcarmanufacturerstriedwastoreplaceengineswhichrunonfossil(化石) fuelswithelectricmotors.Unfortunately,thesevehicleshadseveraldisadvantagesandtheydidntsellverywell.Theproblemswerethatthebatteriesoftheseelectriccarsranou
16、tveryquicklyandtookalongtimetorecharge.However,carmanufacturershaveimprovedtheconcept.Thisiswherethehybridcar,whichhasbothanelectricmotorandatraditionalpetrolengine,comesin.Theelectricmotorneverneedstoberechargedanditismuchbetterfortheplanetthanatraditionalcar.Inahybridcar,theengineiscontrolledbyaco
17、mputerwhichdetermineswhetherthecarrunsonpetrol,electricity,orboth.Whenthecarneedsmaximumpower,forexample,ifitisacceleratingorclimbingasteephill,itusesallofitsresources(资源),butatsteadyspeedsitrunsonlyonpetrol.Whenslowingdownorbreaking,theelectricmotorrechargesitsbatteries.Hybridcarsarebetterfortheenv
18、ironmentbecausetheyhaveamuchsmallerenginethanatraditionalcar.Also,hybridcarsonthemarketaremadeusingmaterialssuchasaluminumandcarbonfiber,whichmakesthemextremelylight.Bothofthemmeanthattheyuselesspetrolthannormalcars,sotheyproducelesspollution.Ofcourse,hybridcarsarentperfect; theystillrunonfossilfuel
19、sandsopollutetheenvironmenttoacertaindegree.However,theymaybethefirststepalongtheroadtocleaner,“greener”cars.Carmanufacturersarealreadyworkingonvehicleswhichrunonhydrogengivingoffharmlesswatervapor.Itlookslikewemightbeheadingintherightdirection.25Whatcanweknowaboutthevehicleswhichranonelectricmotors
20、?ATheymovedveryfast.BTheywereunpopular.CTheirengineswereoftenreplaced.DTheirengineswereexpensive.26Howdoesthecomputerinahybridcarfunction?AItkeepsthecarrunningsteadily.BItdirectsthecartoclimbhills.CItdecideswheretopowerthecar.DItcontrolshowthecarusespower.27WhatdoestheunderlinedpartrefertoinParagrap
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