Eight.ppt
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1、Chapter Eight,Red Leaves on Xiangshan Hill (I),香山红叶(),I. About the Author,Yang Shuo (April 28, 1913August 3, 1968) was a Chinese lyricist and essayist born in Penglai, Shandong, who produced over a hundred works. He committed suicide during the Cultural Revolution by overdose on sedatives.,I. About
2、the Author,杨朔创造地继承了中国传统散文的长处,于托物寄情、物我交融之中达到诗的境界。 他营造意境时,常在谋取“情”的新意上做文章,如借蜜蜂的勤劳创造而无所求的特点,来寄情社会主义建设者的高尚情操。 他写人善于选取感情色彩丰富的片断刻画人物的神貌、内心;他的景物描写,在写出自然美的同时,也是创造意境,深化主题的重要手段。,II. About the Passage,Most of his masterpieces were written between 1950-60s. This writer was good at displaying life philosophy thro
3、ugh depicting ordinary events in simple plot. Most of his works followed the three steps of “from emotion to scene; from scene to man and from man to philosophy”.,II. About the Passage,Red Leaves on Xiangshan Hill develops chronologically from scene with the old tour guide as the main thread. At the
4、 end, the writer borrowed the red leaves to praise the old guide. All in all, although the plot is simple, the artistic conception is labyrinthian and poetic.,II. About the Passage,Sentence structure: parataxis (Chinese) is characterized by loose sentence, chronicle/paratactic sentence, elliptical s
5、entence and compound sentence. medium-length and short Sentences. Meaning: core words with daily language. Easy to understand, no flowery decoration. Words suitable for the heros social status.,II. About the Passage,Translation strategy: simple language style must be maintained. Sentence pattern in
6、translation: conversion from parataxis to hypotaxis.,III. Comparative study,4.1地名的翻译 Translation of toponymy Toponymy: The place names of a region or language. 地名:某地区或某语言的名字 Toponymy belongs to proper noun.,4.1地名的翻译,根据中国政府1978年12月关于汉语人名地名翻译的规定,音译时使用汉语拼音、即罗马字母形式,不再使用旧式的威式拼音(Wade system),如Peking(北京)应该
7、为Beijing; Amoy(厦门)应该为Xiamen; The Yellow River(黄河)应该为The Huanghe等。另外根据联合国章程规定,所有的中国人名地名用汉语拼音、即罗马字母形式(除一些特殊情况外,如孔子Confucius、孙中山Sun Yat-sen);再者台湾也开始推行以汉语拼音代替威式拼音。所以译文中的Beijing(北京)、Hebei(河北)、Kunming(昆明)等,都是规范的。人名地名的规范叫法有利于消除交流障碍。,4.1地名的翻译,一、专名是单音节的英译法 专名是单音节,通名也是单音节,这时通名应视作专名的组成部分,先音译并与专名连写,后重复意 译,分写(汉字
8、带点的字是通名,英语的画线部分是音译;括号内为该地所在省、市、地区或县,下同)例如: 1、恒山 Hengshan Mountain (山西) 2、淮河 the Huaihe River (河南、安徽、江苏) 3、巢湖 the Chaohu Lake (安徽) 4、渤海 the Bohai Sea (辽宁、山东) 5、韩江 the Hanjiang River (广东) 6、礼县 Lixian County (甘肃陇南地区),4.1地名的翻译,二、通名专名化的英译法 通名专名化主要指单音节的通名,如山、河、江、 湖、海、港、峡、关、岛等,按专名处理,与专名 连写,构成专名整体(汉语带点的字和英语
9、的画线部分即为通名专名化)。例如: 1、都江堰市 Dujiangyan City (比较:the Dujiang Weir)(四川) 2、绥芬河市 Suifenhe City (比较:the Suifen River)(黑龙江) 3、白水江自然保护区 Baishuijiang Nature Reserve (比较:the baishui river)(甘肃) 4、青铜峡水利枢纽 Qingtongxia Water Control Project(比较:the Qingtong Gorge)(宁厦) 5、武夷山自然保护区 Wryishan Nature Reserve (比较:Wuyi Moun
10、tain)(福建) 6、西湖区风景名胜区 Scenic Spots and Historic Sites of Xihu(比较:the West lake)(浙江杭州),4.1地名的翻译,三、对地名专名起修饰作用的形容词或名词(表示方位、大小、新旧、颜色、地理特征等),可以意译,或音译重复意译。如美国的Grand Canyon译为“大峡谷”,加拿大的Great Bear Lake意译为“大熊湖”,澳大利亚的Great Sandy Deserts意译为“大沙沙漠”-其中的Grand, Great Bear, Great Sandy都是带有修饰作用或地理特征的限定词,为意译而不是音译。所以,“香山
11、”、“西山”、“万寿山”都是可以分别意译为 Fragrant Hill 或Fragrance Hill、the Western Hills、Longevity Hill(画线部分即为中心词“山”的限定词)。,4.1地名的翻译,四、地名中的符事情不能省略地名中的符号如果省略就会造成读音甚至语义错误。地名中有两种符号不能省略。 I,a,o,e开头的音节连接在其他音节后面的时候,如果音节的界限易生混淆,用隔音符号,地名中的隔音符号不能省略。例如: 1)(陕西)西安市Xian City (如果省略隔音符号,就成为Xian,可以读成仙、先、 现、限、鲜、险、县等) 2)(广西)兴安县Xingan Cou
12、nty (如果省略隔音符号,就成为Xingan County 新干县,在江西吉安地区) 3)建瓯市Jianou City(福建) 4)第二松花江the Dier Songhua River(吉林) 5)东阿县Donge County(山东聊城市) 6)天峨县Tiane County(广西河池地区),4.1地名的翻译,II、汉语拼音U行的韵母跟声母n,l拼的时候,U上面的两点不能省略。如果省略,就会造成误解。例如: 1、(山西)闾河the Luhe River (如果省略U上面的两点,就变成the Luhe River 芦河、在江西) 2、(台湾)绿岛Ludao Island (如果省略U上面的
13、两点,就变成Ludao Island 鹭岛, 在黑龙江海林) 3、女山湖the Nushan Lake(安徽嘉山) 4、吕梁地区Luliang Prefecture(山西) 5、旅顺港Lushun Port(辽宁),4.2变通:SVCSVO,早听说香山红叶是北京最浓最浓的秋色,能去看看,自然乐意。 译文1 I heard long ago that the leaves on Xiangshan (Fragrance Hill) display the best reds of autumn in the whole of Beijing. Of course I was only too h
14、appy to go and have a look. 译文2 I had long heard that the red autumn leaves on the Fragrant Hill manifested the most luxuriant autumnal colour in BeijingIf l could have a chance to see it,Id be so happy,4.2变通:SVCSVO,“是” in both Chinese and English belongs to link verb. e.g. I am a teacher. You are a
15、 students. 我是教师,你是学生 This constructs the so called SVC structure. This is, “是” is used to link the objects/events/properties in front of and behind it.,4.2变通:SVCSVO,However, in some cases, the Chinese “是” cannot be directly translated into the English “be” considering different contextual requiremen
16、t. When this happen, we can translate “be” into a common verb with an object, that is, SVO becomes SVC.,4.2变通:SVCSVO,如“香山红叶是北京最浓最浓的秋色”一句,译文1、2分别将句中“是”字变通为单宾动词display/ manifested,取得了很好的语义效果。如果说将原文句中的“是”直译,译文的句法固然正确,但是可读性以及意境可能都会差强人意。另一点需要注意的是:由于“是”字变通为单宾动词,原来的C就变成了O,因此在VO的搭配上也需要注意语义的调整。请再分析下面一个例句: 69
17、谁是我们最可爱的人呢?(魏巍谁是最可爱的人) Who most deserves our belove?,4.3 不妥的分译,Inappropriate splitting 1我去的那日,天也作美,明净高爽,好得不能再好了;2人也凑巧,居然找到一位老向导。 The first sentence: 1我去的那日,天也作美,明净高爽,好得不能再好了; “明净高爽” can be regarded as the reason and “天也作美” is the result, while “好得不能再好了” is the appositive of “明净高爽”,4.3 不妥的分译,So, from
18、 the first sentence, we can find that it is equal to an adverbial clause of reason. The first sentence is divided with the first sentence with a “;”, that is to say, the first and the second sentence are closely connected in terms of logics and meaning. 译文1在顺译前置主句的同时,考虑到了将“好得不能再好了”这个带有同位语性质的补充句兼并了进去
19、;将原文“明净高爽”这个表示原因的从句,以破折号的形式引导出来,-而这个破折号的意思就是松散性解释说明前句。而译文2以两个句号句的形式,将1部分中的句际关系分译得过于零碎,这种处理既难以保持原文语义及风格的传达,也使得译文有碍于流畅。,4.4 形合与意合,Hypotaxis(形合) and parataxis(意合) 这位老向导就住在西山脚下,早年做过四十年的向导,胡子都白了,还是腰板挺直,硬朗得很。(P84-85) The old man lived right at the foot of the Western Hills. After working as guide for over
20、 forty years till his whiskers turned white(前面从after开始为时间状语,从till开始则是时间状语从句的从句), he still held himself straight(从he开始是主句), altogether looking quite fit (looking开始表伴随状语).,4.4 形合与意合,这位老向导就住在西山脚下,早年做过四十年的向导,胡子都白了,还是腰板挺直,硬朗得很。 This old man happened to live right at the foot of the West Hill. He had work
21、ed as a tourist guide for forty years and(表示前后两句并列) although (although 引导让状语从句) he(从he开始是主句) had become a man bearing a white beard, he was still quite strong. 综上,第一个译文较好,因为” he still held himself straight”才是句子的核心,应该当主句处理.,4.5变通:施动主语受动主语,在第六音,我们介绍了语法主语和语义主语.从语义的角度来划分英语主语,我们会得到多种语义主语,下面6种类型的语义主语是语言学家
22、们普遍认可的: 1施动主语:施动主语(agentive subject)表示句子的主语是谓语动词动作的执行者, 主动句的主语往往是施动主语, 即执行动作的人:The hunter killed the tiger. 2受动主语:受动主语(recipient subject)则表示主语是动作的承受者。被动句的主语一般是动作的承受者, 从而是受动主语:The tiger was killed by the hunter. 3工具主语:有些主动句的主语既不是谓语动词动作的执行者, 也不是动作的承受者, 而是表示执行动作的工具。这种主语叫做工具主语(instrumental subject):The
23、gun killed the bird.(=Somebody killed the bird with a gun.)/ His left hand caught the ball.(=He caught the ball with his left hand.),4.5变通:施动主语受动主语,4时间主语:指明时间叫做时间主语(temporal subject):Tomorrow will be a holiday.(=It is a holiday tomorrow.)/ Last night was very cold.(=It was very cold last night.) 5地点
24、主语:指明地点的主语叫做地点主语(locative subject):Our school bus seats thirty.(=There are 30 seats in our school bus.)/ This bedroom sleeps six students.(=Six students can sleep in this bedroom.)/ This trunk will hold all my clothes.(=All my clothes will be in this trunk.) 6事件主语:事件主语(eventive subject)表示某一事件的时间或地点,
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