TwelveTranslationofpassives.ppt
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1、Chapter Twelve,Translation of passives,English and Chinese passives,一、英语被动式表达(除了用“be+动词分词”) 1、名词 名词后缀-ee表示动作的承受者,是被动。 Trainee, employee, addressee 2、形容词 以-able, -ible结尾的形容词,以及由过去分词转换的形容词。 visible stars, the accused,3、介词短语 In question, under repair, on show 4、动词 在及物动词need, want, require deserve,等后面,可
2、接主动形式的动名词表达被动 This is one of those questions that dont need answering. ( to be answered) 某些不及物动词,如draw, sell, wash, cook等 的主动形式,可表被动。 These goods sell like hot cakes. (are sold),表示状态特征的连系动词,如look, smell, sound, prove, appear等的主动形式表示被动 Dinner smells good. 不定式的主动形式也可表被动。 These small houses are to lend
3、 at low rental.,二、汉语被动式的特点,Many Chinese sentence patterns are active in form but passive in sense. Chinese notional passives are common but syntactic passives are rarely used. 问题(被)解决了。 The problem has been solved. 树(被)栽在街道两旁。 Trees were planted along both sides of the street.,这些产品是我国制造的。 These prod
4、ucts are made in our country. 这必须马上予以处理。 It must be dealt with at once.,Translation of passives: E-C,一、译成主动式 1. 不改变主语与句子结构,直接译成汉语主动句(省略“被”字) Solution to the problem was ultimately found. 译文:这个问题的解决办法终于找到了。 He was assassinated in a theater last night. 译文:他昨晚在一家剧院遇刺身亡。,2. 变状语为主语,把原主语转换为宾语 Friction can
5、 be reduced and the life of the machine prolonged by lubrication. 译文:润滑能减少摩擦,延长机器寿命。,3. 如原句无表施动者的状语,考虑到汉语的表达习惯,可适当添词 They are said to be building another bridge over the Huangpu River. 译文:据说他们正在黄埔江上建另一座桥。 Although the first synthetic materials were created little more than a hundred years ago, they
6、can now be found almost everywhere. 译文:虽然首批合成材料仅在一百年前才研制出来,但现在人们几乎都到处能见到它们。,4. 译成无主语句式 The use of the satellite makes it possible to observe the universe much better. 译文1:使用卫星,使得更好地观察宇宙成为可能。 译文2:利用卫星,能够更好地观察宇宙。 Many strange new means of transport have been developed in our century, the strangest of
7、them being perhaps the hovercraft. 译文1:在本世纪,许多新的稀奇的交通工具已被研制出来。其中,最为稀奇的也许是气垫船。 译文2:在本世纪,发明了许多新奇的交通工具,其中,最新奇的也许数气垫船。,二、译成汉语判断句 描写事物过程,性质和状态的英语被动句,其表意功能与系表结构相近。可译成“是的”结构。 History is made by the people. 译文:历史是人民创造的。 The first explosive in the world was made and used in China. 译文:世界上最早的炸药是在中国制造和使用的。,惯用被动
8、式译法 I was told that 我听说/有人告诉我 It is said that 据说/有人说/据云 It must be admitted that 必须承认 It is well-known that 大家知道/众所周知 It will be seen from this that 由此可见,It has been objected that 有人反对说 It is sometimes asked that 人们有时会问 It is established that 可以认定 It is hypothesized 假设 It is recommended that 有人推荐,注意
9、,“be+动词过去分词”未必表示“被动”: 1. I am annoyed with him. 2. I was annoyed by mosquitoes all night. 1. I cant disturb him at the moment. He is buried under a pile of paper work. 2. The city was buried under more than four feet of snow.,1. I am annoyed with him. 译文:我对他心中有气。 2. I was annoyed by mosquitoes all n
10、ight. 译文:我整夜被蚊子搞得不得安宁。 1. I cant disturb him at the moment. He is buried under a pile of paper work. 译文:现在我不能打扰他,他忙于案头工作。 2. The city was buried under more than four feet of snow. 译文:该城被埋在4英尺多深的雪里。,Translation of actives and passives: C-E,一、汉语主动句的翻译:汉语的主动句在很多情况下要转译成英语的被动句。 强调受事,突出被动状态。 “财神爷”这个词,不是我的
11、用语,是农民的发明。(邓小平文选第三卷) 译文:That term “God of Wealth” was invented not by me but by the farmers,2. 因种种原因,不出现或无须说明施事者 现在不采取行动,鼓励研究和技术投资,新世纪将面临科学家的锐减。 译文:The new millennium will see a steep drop in the number of scientists unless moves are made now to encourage greater investment in research and technolog
12、y,3. 使句子结构匀称,文气连贯 他出现在台上,观众报以热烈的掌声。 译文:He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience 4. 汉语中的某些习惯用语或泛指人称为主语的主动句 可以有把握地说,会议会如期召开的。 译文:It may be safely said that the meeting will be held on schedule,5. 使语气委婉,措辞礼貌。 请您不要在此处抽烟。 译文:You are not supposed to smoke here 6. 某些汉语句子可借助于英语的一些固定
13、搭配或词组来表达。 他天生适合做水手。 译文:He is cut out for a sailor,7. 汉语中含有被动意义的主动句:从形式上看是主动句,而含义却是被动的,多译为被动句。 一点声音也听不到。 译文:Not a sound was heard 8. 一种特殊类型的主动句:看上去也是主动句,但其谓语动词多为不及物动词和某些特殊用法的动词,如deserve、require、want、need等 这种食物不好消化。 译文:The food wont digest well,二、汉语被动句的翻译 1.汉语被动句译为英语时,较多采用被动语态 由于企业被统的太死,旧的经营机制成为阻碍经济进一
14、步发展的羁绊。 译文:The old enterprise system became an obstacle hindering further economic development because enterprises were subjected to rigid control.,2. 译成主动:为了符合英语的表达习惯。 他被这阵声音吓了一跳。 译文:He startled at the noise,为了使上下文紧密联系,结构匀称,语势加强。 “像义先生那样的好人,都要被他暗算。你就忘了阿六的事? 根生跟阿六的事并没有两样。”(月夜) 译文:“Even a good man li
15、ke Mr. Yi,he wants to murder.Have you forgotten Ahliu? His case and Genshengs are exactly the same. (Tr. Sidney Shapiro),科技文章中的被动语态,被动结构的广泛使用,是科技文章语言的一个重要特征: 被动语态具有客观性强的特点,可以使行文显得客观 被动语态可以强调所要突出的内容 被动语态的句子结构调节余地较大,有利于译文的衔接和连贯,科技英语重事物描述,很少涉及动作实施者。被动结构的使用,能避免使用人称代词做主语,体现了科技文章的客观性。 He made turns in a h
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